先验概率




在贝叶斯统计中，某一不确定量p的先验概率分布是在考虑"观测数据"前，能表达p不确定性的概率分布。它旨在描述这个不确定量的不确定程度，而不是这个不确定量的随机性。这个不确定量可以是一个参数，或者是一个隐含变量（英语：latent variable）。


在使用贝叶斯定理时，我们通过将先验概率与似然函数相乘，随后标准化，来得到后验概率分布，也就是给出某数据，该不确定量的条件分布。


先验概率通常是主观的猜测，为了使计算后验概率方便，有时候会选择共轭先验。如果后验概率和先验概率是同一族的，则认为它们是共轭分布，这个先验概率就是对应于似然函数的共轭先验。







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