Myujth

Television in Belgium was introduced in 1953 and began with one channel each in Dutch and French.

History

The three Belgian Communities – Dutch, French and German-speaking – have legal responsibility for audiovisual communication. They constitute separate markets, the common feature of which is the fact that they have been extensively cabled for three decades and are thus able to receive neighbouring countries' channels.

Until 1978, Radio-Television Belgium (Dutch: Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep; French: Radio-Télévision Belge) was Belgium's national public television broadcaster. When broadcasting was devolved to the language communities in 1977, the old organization split into three separate organisations now known as VRT, RTBF and BRF respectively. VRT and RTBF share broadcasting facilities in Brussels, while BRF operates from Eupen.

Channels

Native channels

There are no national TV channels in Belgium. Because of the language divide, there are only channels either in Dutch or French, there is no single company operating TV channels in both the Flemish and the French part. Media laws are created and controlled on a regional level (Flemish or French). Thus the Flemish channels are controlled by Flemish law and the French-speaking ones are controlled by the French community. The public broadcasters still share a building in Brussels, a leftover from the time when the Public Television was still a national (Belgian) competence, however, they have split operations altogether with French language broadcaster RTBF occupying the right half of the building and Flemish broadcaster VRT occupying the left half of the building. They are both governed by different law and a different parliament an example of this is the fact that the French languages public broadcaster RTBF is allowed to sell advertising on television and have actual ad breaks, while the Flemish public broadcaster can only sell product placement and sponsor billboards on television. On their radio channels both are allowed to sell full ad breaks. Both public broadcasters also work in a completely different competitive environment.

The two main Belgian public TV networks, VRT in the Flemish Community and RTBF in the French Community of Belgium, broadcast their channels via operators using cable, satellite, IPTV and terrestrial television. The Belgian commercial TV stations are currently only available on cable, satellite and IPTV. Terrestrial broadcasting is limited to public service TV stations because of the high adoption rate of cable (95%) in Belgium which makes it unnecessary to broadcast commercially.

In the Flemish part there are three main broadcast groups: VRT (the public broadcaster) which has the TV channels één (one), Ketnet, Canvas and Sporza. Medialaan (formerly VMMa) is the main commercial TV group which runs the channels vtm, Q2, Vitaya, JIM, and vtmKzoom. SBS Belgium (the 2nd commercial group) which runs the channels vier (four) and vijf (five). These three combined take about 85% of the total market with VRT being the biggest just above 40% (all channels combined), VMMa taking about 35% (all channels combined) and SBS Belgium taking about 10% all channels combined. The channels één and vtm are the main players in terms of daily newscasts and local content with primetime being filled for 90% with local productions or local versions of international formats. Vier also has started programming mainly local productions in the primetime slot. All other channels air a majority of international (mostly US made) productions in original language (English) with subtitles. The only exception is children's programming which is dubbed in Dutch. Apart from these main groups there are dozens of other local or localised versions of other channels. e.g. MTV, Nickelodeon, National Geographic, and Discovery Channel.

In the French part there are 2 main broadcast groups; RTBF (the public broadcaster) which has the TV channels La Une, La Deux and La Trois, as well as RTL Group (the main commercial TV group in the south) which runs the channels RTL-TVI, Club RTL and Plug RTL. There is also the smaller commercial AB Groupe which runs the channels AB3 and AB4. RTL Group attracts about 30% of market share daily (all channels combined) and RTBF has about 20% average daily market share (all channels combined). The channels La Une and RTL-TVI are the main channels with local newscasts and the most local programming. Local programming however is limited in the French part. Primetime is mostly filled with international shows dubbed in French. Only 55% of the French-speaking Belgians turn on a domestic channel on average every night. The success of French channels TF1 and France 2 makes this a more fragmented market with TF1 having up to 20% market share in the French part of Belgium. Local Belgian channels find it difficult to compete with French TV which has vastly larger production budgets due to the market size difference (France being 15 times more populated than the French part of Belgium).

Foreign channels

Apart from the channels listed above, most cable, satellite and IPTV platforms in Belgium distribute television stations from other European countries including the Netherlands, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. Most people are able to receive NPO 1, NPO 2, and NPO 3 from Netherlands Public Broadcasting as well as ARD and ZDF, BBC One, BBC Two, BBC World News, BBC Entertainment, TF1, France 2, France 3 and Rai 1.

Cable

In Belgium, over 95% of all households have cable television (analog and DVB-C).

Flanders

Telenet, the main cable network operator in Flanders, the northern region of Belgium, has around 25 analogue TV channels which are also available digitally on a DVB-C Multimedia Home Platform TV service. In total about 80 TV channels are available digitally. This includes some TV channels that were already available in analogue and digital form: Prime (in Dutch) or BeTV (in French) are pay-TV operators broadcasting several SDTV channels over one DVB-C multiplex. Telenet is however pushing for their DVB-C channels as interactive Digital TV, using their cable network for uplink purposes.

Current cable customers do not need to pay an extra subscription for about 35 digital channels, but they must purchase a set-top box in order to view these digital channels and use the interactive services.

Telenet, the main cable operator in Flanders, also offers Dutch-language or Dutch-subtitled versions of Nick Jr., Disney XD, Boomerang, Cartoon Network, Eurosport, National Geographic Channel, Syfy Universal, Travel Channel, 13th Street Universal, TCM, MGM TV, E!, CBS Reality, History, Animal Planet and Discovery Channel.

HDTV was expected from summer 2006, to coincide with the 2006 FIFA World Cup, but has not materialized. Despite Telenet, confirmed as part of its launch announcement of "Telenet Digital TV" on June 16, 2005 that it would sell HDTV set-top-boxes as of June 2006, HDTV capable set-top boxes for Telenet interactive digital TV were only available in December 2007. In 2009 Telenet already offered 15 HD channels on its digital network.

From July 2005 Integan, a cable network operator in the outskirts of the city of Antwerp, is offering HDTV. Integan was fully integrated in the Telenet cable network from 2009 onwards.

Brussels

The main cable network operator in the Brussels Region are VOO and Telenet (after the acquisition of the Belgian operations and networks of Numéricable in 2017).

Wallonia

VOO is the main cable network operator in Wallonia, the southern part of Belgium. Some regions are still covered by independent operators or by Telenet (see above).

Terrestrial

The two Belgian public TV networks, VRT on the Flemish side and RTBF on the French-speaking side also broadcast their channels digitally (DVB-T).

Analogue terrestrial broadcasts using the PAL standard were phased out in favor of DVB-T services in 2008 (Flemish side) and 2010 (French-speaking side), for which, for an overwhelming majority of clients, required rental of proprietary decoders.

Flanders and Brussels

VRT can be received all over Flanders and Brussels.

Analogue terrestrial TV transmission of VRT Eén and VRT Ketnet/Canvas ended on 3 November 2008. The VRT multiplex transmission from Egem will move from channel 40 (626 MHz) to channel 22 (482 MHz); that from Genk on channel 41 (634 MHz) will move to channel 25 (506 MHz), and that from Antwerpen and Schoten on channel 59 (778 MHz) will move to channel 25 (506 MHz) as well. The VRT multiplex transmissions from Brussels, Gent, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, and Veltem will continue to operate on channel 22 (482 MHz). The move to lower frequencies may result in a slight increase in coverage area of the transmissions.

In May 2018, VRT announced it would cease its DVB-T broadcasts on 1 December 2018^[1], citing “changing media consumption usage.’ According to the broadcaster, just 45,000 people were using the DTT broadcasts as their means of reception, which was costing more than 1 million € a year to sustain.

Wallonia and Brussels

RTBF launched its DTT platform on 30 November 2007, which is now available to most of French-speaking Belgium and Brussels. It offers La Une and La Deux. RTBF also launched a new channel exclusive to DTT called La Trois, and they added a fourth channel to the multiplex, namely Euronews, a pan-European news channel.

In Eastern Wallonia, there is a 2-hours regional variation on Euronews for BRF TV, public channel of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

RTBF switched off analogue broadcast on 1 March 2010, thus making Belgium complete its digital transition.^{[needs update]}

Satellite

TV Vlaanderen offers DVB-S and DVB-S2 satellite television aimed at the Flemish, Dutch speaking market, broadcasting (encrypted using Nagravision) via the Astra 1L and Astra 1M Satellite at 19.2°E. An updated list of channels can be found online.^[2] It has more than 60,000 subscribers.

TéléSAT Numérique offers DVB-S and DVB-S2 satellite television aimed at the Walloons, French-speaking market, broadcasting (using Nagravision) via the Eutelsat Hot Bird satellite at 13°E and also SES Astra Astra 19.2°E. An updated list of channels can be found^[3][4] and includes RTBF La Une, RTBF La Deux, RTL-TVi, and Club RTL and Plug TV in SD and HD as well as a number of French language Belgian radio stations.

Both TV Vlaanderen and TeleSat are Belgian subsidiaries of the M7 Group S.A., who also owns the Dutch DTH platform, CanalDigitaal.

VRT has an international channel on digital satellite (DVB-S) called BVN (as a cooperation between the Flemish VRT and the Dutch NOS).

RTBF programmes are available via the international joint broadcaster TV5MONDE.

(See also Euro1080.)

Other technologies

IPTV

Belgacom now called Proximus is offering digital television (IPTV) via ADSL2+, VDSL, VDSL2 and FTTH using its nationwide copper network. Its offering has been extended with two optional bouquets: one for movies and one selection for families, including Cartoon Network and National Geographic Channel

Other private companies provide a similar service, using the Belgacom copper network.

Digital terrestrial television

With the advent of mobile digital receivers (DVB-H), Belgacom is showing some interest in building a DVB-H network.

Most-viewed channels

Source: CIM: Centrum voor Informatie over de Media (2012)^[5]

Timeline

Flanders