公海

Multi tool use公海,又稱國際水域或國際公海,是指非屬於任何一個國家領海的海域。根據國際海洋法公約及1958年的公海公約,公海既然不屬於任何國家,故任何國籍的船舶均有航行權,對於公海中非所属国大陆架和专属经济区的渔业資源也可由任何國籍漁船加以捕撈。依照聯合國海洋法公約,公海向任何國家開放。
公海自由

全球國際性海域分布圖,淺藍色為專屬經濟海域,深藍色為公海
根據國際律公海公約第二條規定,公海對各國一律開放,任何國家不得有效主張公海任何部份屬其主權範圍。而「公海自由」,對沿海國及非沿海國而言,包括
航行自由;
飛越自由;
- 鋪設海底電纜與管線之自由;
- 建造國際法所容許的人工島嶼和其他設施的自由;
捕魚自由;
- 科学研究自由。
該條有但書規定,各國行使以上各項自由,及國際法一般原則所承認之其他自由,應適當顧及其他國家行使公海自由之利益。
另見
参考文献
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