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French Upper Volta








French Upper Volta


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Upper Volta
Haute-Volta
Constituent of French West Africa






 


1919-1932

1947-1958



 

 


Flag of Upper Volta


Flag



Anthem
La Marseillaise  •  Hymne National Voltaïque
(instrumental only)

Location of Upper Volta

Dark green: French Upper Volta.
Light green: French West Africa.
Dark gray: Other French possessions.
Darkest gray: French Republic.

Capital

Ouagadougou

Governor
 • 1948–1953
Albert Mouragues
 • 1957–1958

Yvon Bourges
 • 1958
Max Berthet (acting)

Premiera
 • 1957–1958

Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly
 • 1958

Maurice Yaméogo

Historical era

Interwar · Cold War
 • Established
1 March 1919
 • Abolished
5 September 1932
 • Reestablished
4 September 1947
 • 
Autonomy
11 December 1958
 • 
Independence
5 August 1960

Today part of

 Burkina Faso

a. President of the Government Council.




Part of a series on the
History of Burkina Faso
Flag of Burkina Faso









Bura
Bura-Asinda
Prehistoric
c. 3rd–13th century
Mossi Kingdoms
c. 11th century – 1896
French Upper Volta
1919–1932
1947–1958

Republic
1958–1984


Burkina Faso
(1984–present)
















Agacher Strip War
1985
Assassination of Sankara
1987
Compaoré rule
1987–2014
Burkinabè revolution
2014
Transitional period
2014–2015
Burkinabé coup d'état
2015
2015 elections and aftermath
2015–present

Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso portal

Upper Volta (French: Haute-Volta) was a colony of French West Africa established on 1 March 1919, from territories that had been part of the colonies of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Côte d'Ivoire.[1] The colony was dissolved on 5 September 1932, with parts being administered by the Côte d'Ivoire, French Sudan and the Colony of Niger.


After World War II, on 4 September 1947, the colony was revived as a part of the French Union, with its previous boundaries. On 11 December 1958, it was reconstituted as the self-governing Republic of Upper Volta within the French Community, and two years later on 5 August 1960, it attained full independence. On 4 August 1984, the name was changed to Burkina Faso.


The name Upper Volta indicates that the country contains the upper part of the Volta River. The river is divided into three parts, called the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Colonial governors

    • 2.1 Lieutenant Governors (1919–1932)


    • 2.2 Governors (1947–1958)


    • 2.3 High Commissioners (1958–1960)



  • 3 People born in French Upper Volta


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References




History[edit]



Until the end of the 19th century, the history of Upper Volta was dominated by the empire-building Mossi/Mossi Kingdoms, who are believed to have come up to their present location from present-day Northern Ghana. For centuries, the Mossi peasant was both farmer and soldier, and the Mossi people were able to defend their religious beliefs and social structure against forcible attempts to convert them to Islam by Muslims from the northwest.


When the French arrived and claimed the area in 1896, Mossi resistance ended with the capture of their capital at Ouagadougou. In 1919, certain provinces from Côte d'Ivoire were united into a separate colony called the Upper Volta in the French West Africa federation. In 1932, the new colony was dismembered in a move to economise; it was reconstituted in 1937 as an administrative division called the Upper Coast. After World War II, the Mossi renewed their pressure for separate territorial status and on 4 September 1947, Upper Volta became a French West African territory again in its own right.


A revision in the organisation of French overseas territories began with the passage of the Basic Law (Loi Cadre) of 23 July 1956. This act was followed by reorganisational measures approved by the French parliament early in 1957 that ensured a large degree of self-government for individual territories. Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French community on 11 December 1958.


Upper Volta achieved independence on 5 August 1960. The first president, Maurice Yaméogo, was the leader of the Voltaic Democratic Union (UDV). The 1960 constitution provided for election by universal suffrage of a president and a national assembly for five year terms; however, soon after coming to power, Yaméogo banned all political parties other than the UDV.



Colonial governors[edit]



Lieutenant Governors (1919–1932)[edit]



  • Édouard Hesling (9 November 1919 – 7 August 1927)

    • Robert Arnaud (7 August, 1927 – 13 January 1928), acting


  • Albéric Fournier (13 January 1928 – 22 December 1932)


  • Gabriel Descemet (22 December 1932 – 31 December 1932)


Governors (1947–1958)[edit]



    • Gaston Mourgues (6 September 1947 – 29 April 1948), acting


  • Albert Mouragues (29 April 1948 – 23 February 1953)


  • Salvador Jean Étcheber (23 February 1953 – 3 November 1956)


  • Yvon Bourges (3 November 1956 – 15 July 1958)

    • Max Berthet (15 July 1958 – 11 December 1958), acting


High Commissioners (1958–1960)[edit]



  • Max Berthet (11 December 1958 – February 1959)


  • Paul Masson (February 1959 – 5 August 1960)


People born in French Upper Volta[edit]


  • Norbert Zongo


See also[edit]


  • Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election, 1957

  • List of French possessions and colonies

  • French colonial empire

  • French West Africa

  • Heads of state of Burkina Faso

  • Heads of government of Burkina Faso


References[edit]




  1. ^ Discoverfrance.net











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