Oxyrhynchus Papyri


Manuscript fragments from 32BC–640AD found in an Egyptian rubbish dump




Grenfell (left) and Hunt (right) in about 1896




Oxyrhynchus is located in Egypt

Oxyrhynchus

Oxyrhynchus




Site where the Oxyrhynchus Papyri were discovered





Excavations at Oxyrhynchus 1, ca. 1903.



Excavations at Oxyrhynchus 1 ca 1903 B.jpg


The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt (28°32′N 30°40′E / 28.533°N 30.667°E / 28.533; 30.667, modern el-Bahnasa).


The manuscripts date from the time of the Ptolemaic (3rd century BC) and Roman periods of Egyptian history (from 32 BC to the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 AD).


Only an estimated 10% are literary in nature. Most of the papyri found seem to consist mainly of public and private documents: codes, edicts, registers, official correspondence, census-returns, tax-assessments, petitions, court-records, sales, leases, wills, bills, accounts, inventories, horoscopes, and private letters.[1]


Although most of the papyri were written in Greek, some texts written in Egyptian (Egyptian hieroglyphics, Hieratic, Demotic, mostly Coptic), Latin and Arabic were also found. Texts in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac and Pahlavi have so far represented only a small percentage of the total.[2]


Since 1898 academics have puzzled together and transcribed over 5000 documents from what were originally hundreds of boxes of papyrus fragments the size of large cornflakes. This is thought to represent only 1 to 2 percent of what is estimated to be at least half a million papyri still remaining to be conserved, transcribed, deciphered and catalogued.


Oxyrhynchus Papyri are currently housed in institutions all over the world. A substantial number are housed in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University. There is an on-line table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment.[3]




Contents





  • 1 Administrative texts


  • 2 Secular Texts

    • 2.1 Greek

      • 2.1.1 Historiography


      • 2.1.2 Mathematics


      • 2.1.3 Drama


      • 2.1.4 Poetry



    • 2.2 Latin



  • 3 Christian texts

    • 3.1 Old Testament

      • 3.1.1 Old Testament Deuterocanon (or, Apocrypha)


      • 3.1.2 Other related papyri



    • 3.2 New Testament

      • 3.2.1 New Testament Apocrypha


      • 3.2.2 Other related texts




  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links




Administrative texts


Administrative Documents assembled and transcribed from the Oxyrhynchus excavation so far include:


  • The contract of a wrestler agreeing to throw his next match for a fee.[4]

  • Various and sundry ancient recipes for treating haemorrhoids, hangovers and cataracts.[5]

  • Details of a corn dole mirroring a similar program in the Roman capital.[6]


Secular Texts


Although most of the texts uncovered at Oxyrhynchus were non-literary in nature, the archaeologists succeeded in recovering a large corpus of literary works that had previously been thought to have been lost. Many of these texts had previously been unknown to modern scholars.



Greek


Several fragments can be traced to the work of Plato, for instance the Republic, Phaedo, or the dialogue Gorgias, dated around 200-300 CE.[7]



Historiography


Another important discovery was a papyrus codex containing a significant portion of the treatise The Constitution of the Athenians, which was attributed to Aristotle and had previously been thought to have been lost forever.[8] A second, more extensive papyrus text was purchased in Egypt by an American missionary in 1890. E. A. Wallis Budge of the British Museum acquired it later that year, and the first edition of it by British paleographer Frederic G. Kenyon was published in January, 1891.[9] The treatise revealed a massive quantity of reliable information about historical periods that classicists previously had very little knowledge of. Two modern historians even went so far as to state that "the discovery of this treatise constitutes almost a new epoch in Greek historical study."[10] In particular, 21–22, 26.2–4, and 39–40 of the work contain factual information not found in any other extant ancient text.[11]


The discovery of a historical work known as the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia also revealed new information about classical antiquity. The identity of the author of the work is unknown; many early scholars proposed that it may have been written by Ephorus or Theopompus,[12] but many modern scholars are now convinced that it was written by Cratippus.[13] The work has won praise for its style and accuracy[14] and has even been compared favorably with the works of Thucydides.[15]



Mathematics




One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid's Elements, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to circa AD 100 (P. Oxy. 29). The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5.[16]


The findings at Oxyrhynchus also turned up the oldest and most complete diagrams from Euclid's Elements.[16] Fragments of Euclid discovered led to a re-evaluation of the accuracy of ancient sources for The Elements, revealing that the version of Theon of Alexandria has more authority than previously believed, according to Thomas Little Heath.[17]



Drama




Lines 96–138 of the Ichneutae on a fragment of Papyrus Oxyrhynchus IX 1174 col. iv–v, which provides the majority of the surviving portion of the play


The classical author who has most benefited from the finds at Oxyrhynchus is the Athenian playwright Menander (342–291 BC), whose comedies were very popular in Hellenistic times and whose works are frequently found in papyrus fragments. Menander's plays found in fragments at Oxyrhynchus include Misoumenos, Dis Exapaton, Epitrepontes, Karchedonios, Dyskolos and Kolax. The works found at Oxyrhynchus have greatly raised Menander's status among classicists and scholars of Greek theatre.


Another notable text uncovered at Oxyrhynchus was Ichneutae, a previously unknown play written by Sophocles. The discovery of Ichneutae was especially significant since Ichneutae is a satyr play, making it only one of two extant satyr plays, with the other one being Euripides's Cyclops.[18][19]


Extensive remains of the Hypsipyle of Euripides and a life of Euripides by Satyrus the Peripatetic were also found at Oxyrhynchus.



Poetry





P. Oxy. 20, verso


  • Poems of Pindar. Pindar was the first known Greek poet to reflect on the nature of poetry and on the poet's role.

  • Fragments of Sappho, Greek poet from the island of Lesbos famous for her poems about love.

  • Fragments of Alcaeus, an older contemporary and an alleged lover of Sappho, with whom he may have exchanged poems.

  • Larger pieces of Alcman, Ibycus, and Corinna.

  • Passages from Homer's Iliad. See Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 20 – Iliad II 730-828 and Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 21 – Iliad II 745-764


Latin


An epitome of seven of the 107 lost books of Livy was the most important literary find in Latin.



Christian texts



Among the Christian texts found at Oxyrhynchus, were fragments of early non-canonical Gospels, Oxyrhynchus 840 (3rd century AD) and Oxyrhynchus 1224 (4th century AD). Other Oxyrhynchus texts preserve parts of Matthew 1 (3rd century: P2 and P401), 11–12 and 19 (3rd to 4th century: P2384, 2385); Mark 10–11 (5th to 6th century: P3); John 1 and 20 (3rd century: P208); Romans 1 (4th century: P209); the First Epistle of John (4th-5th century: P402); the Apocalypse of Baruch (chapters 12–14; 4th or 5th century: P403); the Gospel according to the Hebrews (3rd century AD: P655); The Shepherd of Hermas (3rd or 4th century: P404), and a work of Irenaeus, (3rd century: P405). There are many parts of other canonical books as well as many early Christian hymns, prayers, and letters also found among them.


All manuscripts classified as "theological" in the Oxyrhynchus Papyri are listed below. A few manuscripts that belong to multiple genres, or genres that are inconsistently treated in the volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, are also included. For example, the quotation from Psalm 90 (P. Oxy. XVI 1928) associated with an amulet, is classified according to its primary genre as a magic text in the Oxyrhynchus Papyri; however, it is included here among witnesses to the Old Testament text. In each volume that contains theological manuscripts, they are listed first, according to an English tradition of academic precedence (see Doctor of Divinity).



Old Testament





P. Oxy. VI 846: Amos 2 (LXX)


The original Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) was translated into Greek between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC. This translation is called the Septuagint (or LXX, both 70 in Latin), because there is a tradition that seventy Jewish scribes compiled it in Alexandria. It was quoted in the New Testament and is found bound together with the New Testament in the 4th and 5th century Greek uncial codices Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus and Vaticanus. The Septuagint included books, called the Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical by Christians, which were later not accepted into the Jewish canon of sacred writings (see next section). Portions of Old Testament books of undisputed authority found among the Oxyrhynchus Papyri are listed in this section.


  • The first number (Vol) is the volume of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri in which the manuscript is published.

  • The second number (Oxy) is the overall publication sequence number in Oxyrhynchus Papyri.

  • Standard abbreviated citation of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri is:

P. Oxy. <volume in Roman numerals> <publication sequence number>.
  • Context will always make clear whether volume 70 of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri or the Septuagint is intended.

  • P. Oxy. VIII 1073 is an Old Latin version of Genesis, other manuscripts are probably copies of the Septuagint.

  • Dates are estimated to the nearest 50 year increment.

  • Content is given to the nearest verse where known.









































































































































































VolOxyDateContentInstitutionCity, StateCountry
IV

656
150

Gen 14:21–23; 15:5–9; 19:32–20:11;
24:28–47; 27:32–33, 40–41

Bodleian Library; MS.Gr.bib.d.5(P)

Oxford

UK
VI
845
400

Psalms 68; 70

Egyptian Museum; JE 41083

Cairo

Egypt
VI

846
550

Amos 2

University of Pennsylvania; E 3074

Philadelphia
Pennsylvania

U.S.
VII
1007
400
Genesis 2-3

British Museum; Inv. 2047

London

UK
VIII
1073
350

Gen 5–6 Old Latin

British Museum; Inv. 2052

London

UK
VIII
1074
250

Exodus 31–32

University of Illinois; GP 1074

Urbana, Illinois

U.S.
VIII
1075
250

Exodus 11:26–32

British Library; Inv. 2053 (recto)

London

UK
IX
1166
250

Genesis 16:8–12

British Library; Inv. 2066

London

UK
IX
1167
350

Genesis 31

Princeton Theological Seminary
Pap. 9

Princeton
New Jersey

U.S.
IX
1168
350

Joshua 4-5 vellum

Princeton Theological Seminary
Pap. 10

Princeton
New Jersey

U.S.
X
1225
350

Leviticus 16

Princeton Theological Seminary
Pap. 12

Princeton
New Jersey

U.S.
X
1226
300

Psalms 7–8

Liverpool University
Class. Gr. Libr. 4241227

Liverpool

UK
XI
1351
350

Lev 27 vellum

Ambrose Swasey Library; 886.4

Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School

(prior to private sale)



Rochester
New York

U.S.
XI
1352
325

Pss 82–83 vellum

Egyptian Museum; JE 47472

Cairo

Egypt
XV
1779
350

Psalm 1

United Theological Seminary

Dayton, Ohio

U.S.
XVI
1928
500

Ps 90 amulet

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XVII
2065
500

Psalm 90

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XVII
2066
500

Ecclesiastes 6–7

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XXIV
2386
500

Psalms 83–84

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
L
3522
50

Job 42.11–12

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LX
4011
550

Ps 75 interlinear

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4442
225

Ex 20:10–17, 18–22

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4443
100

Esther 6–7

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK


Old Testament Deuterocanon (or, Apocrypha)


This name designates several, unique writings (e.g., the Book of Tobit) or different versions of pre-existing writings (e.g., the Book of Daniel) found in the canon of the Jewish scriptures (most notably, in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Tanakh). Although those writings were no longer viewed as having a canonical status amongst Jews by the beginning of the second century A.D., they retained that status for much of the Christian Church. They were and are accepted as part of the Old Testament canon by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches. Protestant Christians, however, follow the example of the Jews and do not accept these writings as part of the Old Testament canon.


  • PP. Oxy. XIII 1594 and LXV 4444 are vellum ("vellum" noted in table).

  • Both copies of Tobit are different editions to the known Septuagint text ("not LXX" noted in table).
































































VolOxyDateContentInstitutionCity, StateCountry
III
403
400

Apocalypse of Baruch 12–14
St. Mark's Library
General Theological Seminary

New York City

U.S.
VII
1010
350

2 Esdras 16:57–59

Bodleian Library
MS.Gr.bib.g.3(P)

Oxford

UK
VIII
1076
550

Tobit 2
not LXX

John Rylands University Library
448

Manchester

UK
XIII
1594
275

Tobit 12
vellum, not LXX

Cambridge University Library
Add.MS. 6363

Cambridge

UK
XIII
1595
550

Ecclesiasticus 1
Palestine Institute Museum
Pacific School of Religion

Berkeley
California

U.S.
XVII
2069
400

1 Enoch 85.10–86.2, 87.1–3

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XVII
2074
450
Apostrophe to Wisdom [?]

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4444
350

Wisdom 4:17–5:1
vellum

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK


Other related papyri





































VolOxyDateContentInstitutionCity, StateCountry
IX
1173
250

Philo

Bodleian Library

Oxford

UK
XI
1356
250

Philo

Bodleian Library

Oxford

UK
XVIII
2158
250

Philo

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XXXVI
2745
400

onomasticon of Hebrew names

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK


New Testament




Papyrus Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P1: Matthew 1



The Oxyrhynchus Papyri have provided the most numerous sub-group of the earliest copies of the New Testament. These are surviving portions of codices (books) written in Greek uncial (capital) letters on papyrus. The first of these were excavated by Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt in Oxyrhynchus, at the turn of the 20th century. Of the 127 registered New Testament papyri, 52 (41%) are from Oxyrhynchus. The earliest of the papyri are dated to the middle of the 2nd century, so were copied within about a century of the writing of the original New Testament documents.[20]


Grenfell and Hunt discovered the first New Testament papyrus (Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P1), on only the second day of excavation, in the winter of 1896–7. This, together with the other early discoveries, was published in 1898, in the first volume of the now 70-volume work, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri.[21]


  • The third column (CRG) refers to the now standard sequences of Caspar René Gregory.


  • Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P indicates a papyrus manuscript, a number beginning with zero indicates vellum.

  • The CRG number is an adequate abbreviated citation for New Testament manuscripts.

  • Content is given to the nearest chapter; verses are sometimes listed.

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































VolOxyCRGDateContentInstitutionCity, StateCountry
I
2

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P1
250

Matthew 1

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia
Pennsylvania

U.S.
I
3

069
500

Mark 10:50.51; 11:11.12
Frederick Haskell Oriental Institute
University of Chicago; 2057

Chicago
Illinois

U.S.
II
208=1781

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P5
250

John 1, 16, 20

British Library

London

UK
II
209

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P10
350

Romans 1

Houghton Library, Harvard

Cambridge
Massachusetts

U.S.
III
401

071
500

Matthew 10-11 †

Harvard Semitic Museum; 3735

Cambridge
Massachusetts

U.S.
III
402

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P9
250

1 John 4

Houghton Library, Harvard

Cambridge
Massachusetts

U.S.
IV
657

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P13
250

Hebrews 2–5, 10–12

British Library

London

UK
VI
847

0162
300

John 2

Metropolitan Museum of Art

New York

U.S.
VI
848

0163
450

Revelation 16

Metropolitan Museum of Art

New York

U.S.
VII
1008

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P15
250

1 Corinthians 7–8

Egyptian Museum

Cairo

Egypt
VII
1009

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P16
300

Philippians 3–4

Egyptian Museum

Cairo

Egypt
VIII
1078

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P17
350

Hebrews 9

Cambridge University Library, Cambridge

Cambridge

UK
VIII
1079

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P18
300

Revelation 1

British Library

London

UK
VIII
1080

0169
350

Revelation 3–4

Robert Elliott Speer Library
Princeton Theological Seminary

Princeton

U.S.
IX
1169

0170
500

Matthew 6

Robert Elliott Speer Library
Princeton Theological Seminary

Princeton
U.S.
IX
1170

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P19
400

Matthew 10–11

Bodleian Library

Oxford

UK
IX
1171

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P20
250

James 2–3

Harvey S. Firestone Memorial Library, Princeton

Princeton
New Jersey

U.S.
X
1227

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P21
400

Matthew 12

Muhlenberg College

Allentown
Pennsylvania
U.S.
X
1228

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P22
250

John 15–16

Glasgow University Library

Glasgow

UK
X
1229

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P23
250

James 1

University of Illinois

Urbana, Illinois

U.S.
X
1230

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P24
350

Revelation 5–6
Franklin Trask Library
Andover Newton Theological School

Newton
Massachusetts
U.S.
XI
1353

0206
350

1 Peter 5

United Theological Seminary

Dayton, Ohio
U.S.
XI
1354

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P26
600

Romans 1
Joseph S. Bridwell Library
Southern Methodist University

Dallas, Texas
U.S.
XI
1355

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P27
250

Romans 8–9

Cambridge University Library

Cambridge

UK
XIII
1596

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P28
250

John 6
Palestine Institute Museum
Pacific School of Religion

Berkeley
California

U.S.
XIII
1597

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P29
250

Acts 26

Bodleian Library

Oxford

UK
XIII
1598

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P30
250

1 Ths 4–5; 2 Ths 1

Ghent University Library

Ghent

Belgium
XV
1780

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P39
250

John 8

Museum of the Bible

Washington, D.C.

U.S.
XV
1781=208

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P5
250

John 1, 16, 20

British Library

London

UK
XVIII
2157

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P51
400

Galatians 1

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
XXIV
2383

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P69
250

Luke 22

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
XXIV
2384

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P70
250

Matthew 2–3, 11–12, 24

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
XXIV
2385

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P71
350

Matthew 19

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
XXXIV/LXIV
2683/4405

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P77
200

Matthew 23

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XXXIV
2684

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P78
300

Jude

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
L
3523

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P90
150

John 18–19

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
LXV
4449

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P100
300

James 3–5

Sackler Library
Papyrology Rooms

Oxford
UK
LXIV
4401

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P101
250

Matthew 3–4

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford
UK
LXIV
4402

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P102
300

Matthew 4

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXIV
4403

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P103
200

Matthew 13–14

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXIV
4404

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P104
150

Matthew 21?

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXIV
4406

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P105
500

Matthew 27–28

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4445

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P106
250

John 1

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4446

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P107
250

John 17

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4447

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P108
250

John 17/18

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXV
4448

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P109
250

John 21

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXVI

4494

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P110
350

Matthew 10

Sackler Library
Papyrology Rooms

Oxford

UK
LXVI
4495

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P111
250

Luke 17

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXVI
4496

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P112
450

Acts 26–27

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXVI
4497

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P113
250

Romans 2

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXVI
4498

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P114
250

Hebrews 1

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXVI
4499

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P115
300

Revelation 2–3, 5–6, 8–15

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXVI
4500

0308
350

Revelation 11:15–18

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXI
4803

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P119
250

John 1:21–28, 38–44

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXI
4804

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P120
350

John 1:25–28, 33-38, 42–44

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXI
4805

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P121
250

John 19:17–18, 25–26

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXI
4806

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P122
4th/5th century

John 21:11–14, 22–24

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXII
4844

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P123
4th/5th century

1 Corinthians 14:31–34; 15:3–6

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXII
4845

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P124
4th/5th century

2 Corinthians 11:1-4. 6-9

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXIII
4934

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P125
3rd/4th century

1 Peter 1:23-2:5.7-12

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXIV
4968

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P127
5th century

Acts 10–17

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXXXI
5258

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P132
3rd/4th century

Ephesians 3:21–4:2, 14–16
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
LXXXI
5259

Pdisplaystyle mathfrak Pmathfrak P133
3rd century

1 Timothy 3:13–4:8
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown


New Testament Apocrypha


The Oxyrhynchus Papyri collection contains around twenty manuscripts of New Testament apocrypha, works from the early Christian period that presented themselves as biblical books, but were not eventually received as such by the orthodoxy. These works found at Oxyrhynchus include the gospels of Thomas, Mary, Peter, James, The Shepherd of Hermas, and the Didache. Among this collection are also a few manuscripts of unknown gospels. The three manuscripts of Thomas represent the only known Greek manuscripts of this work; the only other surviving manuscript of Thomas is a nearly complete Coptic manuscript from the Nag Hammadi find.[22] P. Oxy. 4706, a manuscript of The Shepherd of Hermas, is notable because two sections believed by scholars to have been often circulated independently, Visions and Commandments, were found on the same roll.[23]


  • P. Oxy. V 840 and P. Oxy. XV 1782 are vellum

  • 2949?, 3525, 3529? 4705, and 4706 are rolls, the rest codices.






























































































































































































VolOxyDateContentInstitutionCity, StateCountry

Early Writings
LXIX
4705
250

Shepherd, Visions 1:1, 8–9

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LXIX
4706
200

The Shepherd of Hermas
Visions 3–4; Commandments 2; 4–9

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
L
3526
350

Shepherd, Commandments 5–6

[same codex as 1172]



Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XV
1783
325

Shepherd, Commandments 9



IX
1172
350

Shepherd, Parables 2:4–10

[same codex as 3526]



British Library; Inv. 224

London

UK
LXIX
4707
250

Shepherd, Parables 6:3–7:2

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XIII
1599
350

Shepherd, Parables 8



L
3527
200

Shepherd, Parables 8:4–5

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
L
3528
200

Shepherd, Parables 9:20–22

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
III
404
300

Shepherd



XV
1782
350

Didache 1–3

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK

Pseudepigrapha
I

1
200

Gospel of Thomas

Bodleian Library
Ms. Gr. Th. e 7 (P)

Oxford

UK
IV

654
200

Gospel of Thomas

British Museum; Inv. 1531

London

UK
IV

655
200

Gospel of Thomas
Houghton Library, Harvard
SM Inv. 4367

Cambridge
Massachusetts

U.S.
XLI
2949
200

Gospel of Peter?

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
L
3524
550

Gospel of James 25:1

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
L

3525
250

Gospel of Mary

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
LX
4009
150

Gospel of Peter?

Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
I
6
450

Acts of Paul and Thecla



VI
849
325

Acts of Peter



VI
850
350

Acts of John



VI
851
500
Apocryphal Acts



VIII
1081

Gnostic Gospel



II
210
250
Unknown gospel

Cambridge University Library
Add. Ms. 4048

Cambridge

UK
V

840
200
Unknown gospel

Bodleian Library
Ms. Gr. Th. g 11

Oxford

UK
X

1224
300
Unknown gospel

Bodleian Library
Ms. Gr. Th. e 8 (P)

Oxford

UK


Other related texts


  • Four exact dates are marked in bold type:
three libelli are dated: all to the year 250, two to the month, and one to the day;

a warrant to arrest a Christian is dated to 28 February 256.





































































































































































































VolOxyDateContentInstitutionCity, StateCountry

Biblical quotes
VIII
1077
550
Amulet: magic text
quotes Matthew 4:23–24
Trexler Library; Pap. Theol. 2
Muhlenberg College

Allentown
Pennsylvania

U.S.
LX

4010
350
"Our Father" (Matthew 6:9ff)
with introductory prayer
Papyrology Room
Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK

Creeds
XVII

2067
450

Nicene Creed (325)
Papyrology Room
Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XV
1784
450

Constantinopolitan Creed (4th-century)

Ambrose Swasey Library
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School

Rochester
New York

U.S.

Church Fathers
III

405
250

Irenaeus, Against Heresies

Cambridge University Library
Add. Ms. 4413

Cambridge

UK
XXXI

2531
550

Theophilus of Alexandria
Peri Katanuxeos [?]
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK

Unknown theological works
XIII
1600
450
treatise on The Passion

Bodleian Library
Ms. Gr. Th. d 4 (P)

Oxford

UK
I
4
300
theological fragment

Cambridge University Library

Cambridge

UK
III
406
250
theological fragment
Library; BH 88470.1
McCormick Theological Seminary

Chicago
Illinois

U.S.

Dialogues (theological discussions)
XVII

2070
275
anti-Jewish dialogue
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK
XVII

2071
550
fragment of a dialogue
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK

Apologies (arguments in defence of Christianity)
XVII

2072
250
fragment of an apology
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK

Homilies (short sermons)
XIII
1601
400
homily about spiritual warfare

Ambrose Swasey Library
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School

Rochester
New York

U.S.
XIII
1602
400
homily to monks (vellum)
University Library
State University of Ghent

Ghent

Belgium
XIII
1603
500
homily about women

John Rylands University Library
Inv R. 55247

Manchester

UK
XV
1785
450
collection of homilies [?]
Payrology Room
Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
XVII

2073
375
fragment of a homily
and other text
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK

Liturgical texts (protocols for Christian meetings)
XVII

2068
350
liturgical [?] fragments
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK
III
407
300
Christian prayer
Department of Manuscripts
British Museum

London

UK
XV

1786
275
Christian hymn
with musical notation
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK

Hagiographies (biographies of saints)
L

3529
350

martyrdom of Dioscorus
Payrology Room
Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK

Libelli (certificates of pagan sacrifice)
LVIII

3929

250

libellus from between
25 June and 24 July 250
Payrology Room
Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK
IV

658

250

libellus from the year 250

Beinecke Library
Yale University

New Haven
Connecticut

U.S.
XII

1464

250

libellus 27 June 250
Department of Manuscripts
British Museum

London

UK
XLI

2990
250

libellus from the 3rd century
Papyrology Rooms
Sackler Library

Oxford

UK

Other documentary texts
XLII

3035

256

warrant to arrest a Christian
28 February 256
Payrology Room
Ashmolean Museum

Oxford

UK

Other fragments
I
5
300
early Christian fragment

Bodleian Library
Ms. Gr. Th. f 9 (P)

Oxford

UK


See also


  • List of early Christian texts of disputed authorship

  • List of early Christian writers

  • List of Egyptian papyri by date

  • List of New Testament minuscules

  • List of New Testament papyri

  • List of New Testament uncials

  • Novum Testamentum Graece

  • Palaeography

  • Papyrology

  • Tanakh at Qumran

  • Textual criticism

  • The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus

  • Zooniverse - Ancient Lives

  • Serapeum of Alexandria


References




  1. ^ Professor Nickolaos Gonis from University College London, in a film from the British Arts and Humanities Research Council on Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project.


  2. ^ World Archaeology Issue 36, 7 July 2009


  3. ^ Search by table of contents; "Oxyrhynchus Online Image Database". Imaging Papyri Project. Retrieved 25 May 2007.  A listing of what each fragment contains.


  4. ^ Jarus, Owen. Live Science. 16 April 2014.


  5. ^ Sharpe, Emily. Armchair archaeologists reveal details of life in ancient Egypt. The Art Newspaper. 29 February 2016.


  6. ^ Rathbone, Dominic. Documentary of an event organised by the Hellenic Society in association with the Roman Society and the Egypt Exploration Society. 28 April 2012.


  7. ^ Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt (1898). "The Oxyrhynchus papyri". p. 187. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)


  8. ^ F. Blass, in Hermes 15 (1880:366-82); the text was identified as Aristotle's Athenaion Politeia by T. Bergk in 1881.


  9. ^ Peter John Rhodes. A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia (Oxford University Press), 1981, 1993: introduction, pp. 2–5.


  10. ^ J. Mitchell and M. Caspari (eds.), p. xxvii, A History of Greece: From the Time of Solon to 403 B.C.", George Grote, Routledge 2001.


  11. ^ Rhodes, 1981, pp. 29–30.


  12. ^ e.g. Goligher, W. A. (1908). "The New Greek Historical Fragment Attributed to Theopompus or Cratippus". English Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 23 (90): 277–283. doi:10.1093/ehr/xxiii.xc.277. JSTOR 550009. 


  13. ^ Harding, Philipp (1987). "The Authorship of the Hellenika Oxyrhynchia". The Ancient History Bulletin. 1: 101–104. ISSN 0835-3638. 


  14. ^ Meister, Klaus (2003). "Oxyrhynchus, the historian from". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth Antony (ed.). Oxford Classical Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866172-X. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link)


  15. ^ Westlake, H. D. (1960). "Review of Hellenica Oxyrhynchia by Vittorio Bartoletti". The Classical Review, New Series. Cambridge University Press. 10 (3): 209–210. doi:10.1017/s0009840x00165448. JSTOR 706964. 


  16. ^ ab Bill Casselman. "One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid". University of British Columbia. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 


  17. ^ Thomas Little Heath (1921). "A history of Greek mathematics". 


  18. ^ West, M. L. (1994). Ancient Greek Music. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press at the Oxford University Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-0198149750. Retrieved 7 June 2017. 


  19. ^ Sophocles' Ichneutae was adapted, in 1988, into a play entitled The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus, by British poet and author Tony Harrison, featuring Grenfell and Hunt as main characters.


  20. ^ Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland and Kurt Aland (eds), Novum Testamentum Graece, 27th edition, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2001).


  21. ^ Philip W Comfort and David P Barrett. The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated, 2001.


  22. ^ Kirby, Peter. "Gospel of Thomas" (2001-2006) earlychristianwritings.com Retrieved June 30, 2007.


  23. ^ Barbantani, Silvia. "Review: Gonis (N.), Obbink (D.) [et al.] (edd., trans.) The Oxyrhynchus Papyri. Volume LXIX. (Graeco-Roman Memoirs 89.)" (2007) The Classical Review, 57:1 p.66 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0009840X06003209




External links





  • The Oxyrhynchus papyri (1898 publication by S.H. Hunt)

  • Oxford University: Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project

  • Oxyrhynchus Online


  • Table of Contents. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri.


  • Trismegistos.org Online database of ancient manuscripts.

  • GPBC: Gazetteer of Papyri in British Collections

  • The Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri. P. Oxy.: The Oxyrhynchus Papyri.

  • Wieland Willker Complete List of Greek NT Papyri

  • The papyri on line

    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. I, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. II, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. III, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. III, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. Digitized by Cornell University Library Digital Collections


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. IV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. V, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VII, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VIII, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. IX, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. X, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. Digitized by Cornell University Library Digital Collections ISBN 978-1-4297-3971-9


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. X, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XII, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XIII, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XIV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive


    • The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. I - XV (single indexed PDF file)







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