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Glottolog


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Glottolog
Glottolog-logo.png
Producer
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Germany)
Links

  • Website

Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, developed and maintained first at the former Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and since 2015 at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany.


Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on the world's less-spoken languages. It differs from the similar catalogue Ethnologue in several respects: it attempts to only accept languages which the editors have been able to confirm both exist and are distinct (varieties which have not been confirmed, but are inherited from another source, are tagged as "spurious" or "unattested");[1] it attempts only to classify languages into families which have been demonstrated to be valid; bibliographic information is provided, especially for lesser-known languages; and, to a limited extent, alternative names are listed according to the sources which use them. The language names used in the bibliographic entries are identified by ISO 639-3 code or Glottolog's own code (Glottocode); apart from a single point-location on a map at its geographic centre, no ethnographic or demographic information is provided. External links are provided to ISO, Ethnologue and other online language databases.


Edition 2.2 was published online in 2013 and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License. Edition 2.4 was published in 2015 and edition 3.0 in 2017.






Contents





  • 1 Language families


  • 2 References


  • 3 External links




Language families[edit]


Glottolog is more conservative in its classification than most online databases in establishing membership of languages and groups within families but more liberal in considering unclassified languages to be isolates. Edition 2.4 lists 425 oral-language families, including isolates, and 75 sign-language families and isolates,[2] as follows.

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NameRegion[3]Languages
Atlantic-CongoAfrica, North America1,432
AustronesianAfrica, Eurasia, Oceania, South America1,276
Indo-EuropeanAfrica, Australia, Eurasia, North America, Oceania, South America585
Sino-TibetanEurasia472
Afro-AsiaticAfrica, Eurasia372
Nuclear Trans New GuineaOceania315
Pama-NyunganAustralia, Oceania240
OtomangueanNorth America178
AustroasiaticEurasia164
Tai-KadaiEurasia96
DravidianEurasia81
ArawakanNorth America, South America76
MandeAfrica74
TupianSouth America71
Uto-AztecanNorth America68
Central SudanicAfrica62
Nuclear TorricelliOceania55
NiloticAfrica51
AlgicNorth America45
Athapaskan-Eyak-TlingitNorth America45
QuechuanSouth America45
CaribanSouth America44
TurkicEurasia44
UralicEurasia44
Hmong-MienEurasia39
PanoanSouth America38
SepikOceania36
MayanNorth America33
Nuclear-Macro-JeSouth America31
Lower Sepik-RamuOceania30
Nakh-DaghestanianEurasia30
ChibchanNorth America, South America27
TucanoanSouth America26
SalishanNorth America25
Timor-Alor-PantarOceania22
Lakes PlainOceania20
DogonAfrica19
Mixe-ZoqueNorth America19
Ta-Ne-OmoticAfrica19
SiouanNorth America18
Morehead-WasurOceania17
MongolicEurasia16
BorderOceania15
North HalmaheraOceania15
JaponicEurasia, Oceania14
Khoe-KwadiAfrica14
AnganOceania13
NduOceania13
NubianAfrica13
Tor-OryaOceania13
ChapacuranSouth America12
Eskimo-AleutEurasia, North America12
GunwinyguanAustralia12
TotonacanNorth America12
TungusicEurasia12
IroquoianNorth America11
Miwok-CostanoanNorth America11
Western DalyAustralia11
WorrorranAustralia11
Geelvink BayOceania10
Great AndamaneseEurasia, Oceania10
HeibanAfrica10
IjoidAfrica10
MabanAfrica10
NyulnyulanAustralia10
SaharanAfrica10
SonghayAfrica10
SurmicAfrica10
ChocoanSouth America9
Cochimi-YumanNorth America9
DaganOceania9
SkoOceania9
South BougainvilleOceania9
Kiowa-TanoanNorth America8
KwerbicOceania8
MailuanOceania8
Narrow TalodiAfrica8
TuuAfrica8
BosaviOceania7
DajuAfrica7
HuitotoanSouth America7
Inland GulfOceania7
KoiarianOceania7
MatacoanSouth America7
MuskogeanNorth America7
PomoanNorth America7
TacananSouth America7
ArawanSouth America6
BainingOceania6
BarbacoanSouth America6
ChumashanNorth America6
East StricklandOceania6
GoilalanOceania6
Kadugli-KrongoAfrica6
KartvelianEurasia6
KiwaianOceania6
KxaAfrica6
Left MayOceania6
MarindOceania6
NambiquaranSouth America6
South Bird's Head FamilyOceania6
WakashanNorth America6
YeniseianEurasia6
ZaparoanSouth America6
Abkhaz-AdygeEurasia5
CaddoanNorth America5
Chukotko-KamchatkanEurasia5
GuahiboSouth America5
GuaicuruanSouth America5
Lengua-MascoySouth America5
MirndiAustralia5
MisumalpanNorth America5
NimboranOceania5
Nuclear ElemanOceania5
PauwasiOceania5
SahaptianNorth America5
South OmoticAfrica5
TirioOceania5
West Bird's HeadOceania5
XincanNorth America5
YanomamSouth America5
YarebanOceania5
YuatOceania5
ChinookanNorth America4
ChonanSouth America4
Eastern JebelAfrica4
Eastern Trans-FlyOceania4
HuaveanNorth America4
Iwaidjan ProperAustralia4
JivaroanSouth America4
KamakananSouth America4
KomanAfrica4
MaiduanNorth America4
Mangarrayi-MaranAustralia4
ManingridaAustralia4
MaoAfrica4
NadahupSouth America4
North BougainvilleOceania4
SentaniOceania4
Suki-GogodalaOceania4
TamaAfrica4
TangkicAustralia4
Turama-KikoriOceania4
WalioOceania4
YokutsanNorth America4
YukaghirEurasia4
ArafundiOceania3
AymaraSouth America3
BororoanSouth America3
CahuapananSouth America3
CharruanSouth America3
DizoidAfrica3
East Bird's HeadOceania3
GiimbiyuAustralia3
JarrakanAustralia3
KalapuyanNorth America3
Katla-TimaAfrica3
KawesqarSouth America3
KayagarOceania3
KolopomOceania3
KuliakAfrica3
KwaleanOceania3
MairasiOceania3
Mongol-LangamOceania3
Peba-YaguaSouth America3
PuriSouth America3
SalibanSouth America3
ShastanNorth America3
TsimshianNorth America3
West BomberaiOceania3
YangmanicAustralia3
ZamucoanSouth America3
Amto-MusanOceania2
AraucanianSouth America2
Awin-PaOceania2
Baibai-FasOceania2
Bayono-AwbonoOceania2
BoranSouth America2
Bulaka RiverOceania2
BunabanAustralia2
ChimakuanNorth America2
CoosanNorth America2
Doso-TurumsaOceania2
Eastern DalyAustralia2
East KutubuOceania2
Etrusco-RhaetianEurasia2
FuranAfrica2
GarrwanAustralia2
HaidaNorth America2
HarakmbutSouth America2
Hatam-MansimOceania2
Hibito-CholonSouth America2
HuarpeanSouth America2
Hurro-UrartianEurasia2
InanwatanOceania2
Jarawa-OngeEurasia2
JicaqueanNorth America2
Kakua-NukakSouth America2
KaririSouth America2
KatukinanSouth America2
Kaure-NarauOceania2
KeresanNorth America2
Konda-YahadianOceania2
KoreanicEurasia2
Kresh-AjaAfrica2
KwomtariOceania2
LencanNorth America2
Lepki-MurkimOceania2
LimilnganAustralia2
ManubaranOceania2
Marrku-WurruguAustralia2
MombumOceania2
MonumboOceania2
Namla-TofanmaOceania2
North-Eastern TasmanianAustralia2
Northern DalyAustralia2
NyimangAfrica2
PahoturiOceania2
PalaihnihanNorth America2
PiawiOceania2
RashadAfrica2
SenagiOceania2
SomahaiOceania2
South-Eastern TasmanianAustralia2
Southern DalyAustralia2
TarascanNorth America2
Taulil-ButamOceania2
TeberanOceania2
TemeinAfrica2
TequistlatecanNorth America2
Ticuna-YuriSouth America2
Uru-ChipayaSouth America2
Western TasmanianAustralia2
WintuanNorth America2
YawaOceania2
Yuki-WappoNorth America2
AbinomnOceania1
AbunOceania1
AdaiNorth America1
AewaSouth America1
AikanãSouth America1
Ainu (Japan)Eurasia1
AlseaNorth America1
AndaquiSouth America1
AndoqueSouth America1
AnemOceania1
Ap MaOceania1
ArutaniSouth America1
AtacameSouth America1
AtakapaNorth America1
BanaroOceania1
BangimeAfrica1
BasqueEurasia1
BeothukNorth America1
BertaAfrica1
BetoiSouth America1
BiluaOceania1
BirriAfrica1
BogayaOceania1
BurmesoOceania1
BurushaskiEurasia1
CamsáSouth America1
Candoshi-ShapraSouth America1
CanichanaSouth America1
CayubabaSouth America1
CayuseNorth America1
ChimarikoNorth America1
ChiquitanoSouth America1
ChitimachaNorth America1
ChonoSouth America1
CoahuiltecoNorth America1
CofánSouth America1
ComecrudoNorth America1
CotonameNorth America1
CuitlatecNorth America1
CulliSouth America1
DamalOceania1
DemOceania1
DibiyasoOceania1
DunaOceania1
ElamiteEurasia1
ElsengOceania1
EsselenNorth America1
FasuOceania1
FulniôSouth America1
GagaduAustralia1
GuachiSouth America1
GuaicurianNorth America1
GuamoSouth America1
GuatóSouth America1
GuleAfrica1
GumuzAfrica1
GuriasoOceania1
HadzaAfrica1
HatticEurasia1
HrusoEurasia1
IberianEurasia1
IrántxeSouth America1
ItonamaSouth America1
JalaaAfrica1
JirajaranSouth America1
Kaki AeOceania1
KamulaOceania1
KanoêSouth America1
KaporiOceania1
KarankawaNorth America1
KarokNorth America1
KehuOceania1
KembraOceania1
KenaboiEurasia1
KibiriOceania1
KimkiOceania1
Klamath-ModocNorth America1
Kol (Papua New Guinea)Oceania1
KosadleOceania1
KujargeAfrica1
KunamaAfrica1
KungarakanyAustralia1
KunzaSouth America1
KuotOceania1
KusundaEurasia1
KutenaiNorth America1
KwazaSouth America1
LaalAfrica1
LafofaAfrica1
LaragiaAustralia1
LavukaleveOceania1
LecoSouth America1
LuleSouth America1
MákuSouth America1
MaratinoNorth America1
MassepOceania1
MatanawíSouth America1
Mato Grosso AráraSouth America1
MawesOceania1
MaybratOceania1
MeroiticAfrica1
Mimi-GaudefroyAfrica1
MinkinAustralia1
MochicaSouth America1
MolaleNorth America1
MolofOceania1
Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)Oceania1
MororiOceania1
Mosetén-ChimanéSouth America1
MovimaSouth America1
MpurOceania1
MunicheSouth America1
MureSouth America1
NaraAfrica1
NatchezNorth America1
NihaliEurasia1
NivkhEurasia1
OdiaiOceania1
OmuranoSouth America1
OngotaAfrica1
OtiSouth America1
OtomacoSouth America1
Oyster Bay-Big River-Little SwanportAustralia1
PáezSouth America1
PankararúSouth America1
PapiOceania1
PawaiaOceania1
PayaguaSouth America1
Pele-AtaOceania1
PirahãSouth America1
PuelcheSouth America1
PuinaveSouth America1
PuméSouth America1
PuquinaSouth America1
PurariOceania1
PyuOceania1
RamanosSouth America1
SalinanNorth America1
SandaweAfrica1
SapéSouth America1
SauseOceania1
SavosavoOceania1
SechuranSouth America1
SeriNorth America1
ShaboAfrica1
Shom PengEurasia1
SiuslawNorth America1
SuarminOceania1
SulkaOceania1
SumerianEurasia1
TaboOceania1
TaiapOceania1
TakelmaNorth America1
TallánSouth America1
TamboraOceania1
TanahmerahOceania1
TarumaSouth America1
TaushiroSouth America1
Timote-CuicaSouth America1
TimucuaNorth America1
TiniguaSouth America1
TiwiAustralia1
TonkawaNorth America1
TouoOceania1
TrumaiSouth America1
TunicaNorth America1
TuxáSouth America1
UmbugarlaAustralia1
UrarinaSouth America1
UskuOceania1
VilelaSouth America1
WadjiginyAustralia1
WagemanAustralia1
WaoraniSouth America1
WaraoSouth America1
WashoNorth America1
WiruOceania1
XukurúSouth America1
YaleOceania1
YámanaSouth America1
YanaNorth America1
YeleOceania1
YerakaiOceania1
YetfaOceania1
YuchiNorth America1
YuracaréSouth America1
YurumanguíSouth America1
YuwanaSouth America1
ZuniNorth America1
LSFic(sign)32
ASLic(sign)20
BSLic(sign)10
Arab Sign6
Russian Sign6
CSLic(sign)5
DGSic(sign)4
JSLic(sign)3
Old Chiangmai-Bangkok-Haiphong Sign3
Spanish Sign Language3
Paraguay-Uruguay Sign2
Providencia-Cayman Sign2
Afghan Sign Language1
Albanian Sign Language1
Argentine Sign Language1
Armenian Sign Language1
Bamako Sign Language1
Brazilian Sign Language1
Burkina Faso Sign Language1
Ecuadorian Sign Language1
Estonian Sign Language1
Guatemalan Sign Language1
Hausa Sign Language1
Indian Sign Language1
Kenyan Sign Language1
Lyons Sign Language1
Maltese Sign Language1
Mauritian Sign Language1
Mofu-Gudur Sign Language1
Mozambican Sign Language1
Nepalese Sign Language1
Pakistan Sign Language1
Penang Sign Language1
Persian Sign Language1
Rennellese Sign Language1
Salvadoran Sign Language1
Saudi Arabian Sign Language1
Sri Lankan Sign Language1
Tanzanian Sign Language1
Tijuana Sign Language1
Turkish Sign Language1
Venezuelan Sign Language1
Yoruba Sign Language1
Zambian Sign Language1
Zimbabwe Sign Language1
Adamorobe Sign Language1
Alipur Sign Language1
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language1
Ban Khor Sign Language1
Bengkala Sign Language1
Bribri Sign Language1
Brunca Sign Language1
Bura Sign Language1
Chatino Sign Language1
Enga Sign Language1
Ghandruk Sign Language1
Ghardaia Sign Language1
Guinea-Bissau Sign Language1
Inuit Sign Language1
Jamaican Country Sign Language1
Jhankot Sign Language1
Jumla Sign Language1
Kajana Sign Language1
Keresan Pueblo Indian Sign Language1
Mardin Sign Language1
Martha's Vineyard Sign Language1
Mbour Sign Language1
Nanabin Sign Language1
Nicaraguan Sign Language1
Old Kentish Sign Language1
Original Costa Rican Sign Language1
Tebul Sign Language1
Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language1
Yolngu Sign Language1
Yucatec Maya Sign Language1

Creoles are classified with the language that supplied their basic lexicon.


In addition to languages classified into families, Glottolog recognizes 79 pidgins (including one sign pidgin), 24 mixed languages, 8 artificial languages, 9 speech registers (including 3 auxiliary sign systems), 118 attested but unclassifiable languages (including 2 sign languages), 61 unattested languages, and 270 spurious languages (such as retired ISO entries, and including 3 sign languages) kept for bookkeeping purposes.



References[edit]




  1. ^ See for example the bookkeeping section for ISO languages that Glottolog has deemed to be spurious distinctions.
    This discrimination does not apply to dialects, many of which have been inherited from MultiTree or other sources without verification.



  2. ^ Sign languages are listed together, including those grouped typologically as village sign languages, as are pidgins and unclassified languages, but without a claim that they are necessarily related.


  3. ^ Geographic regions include "Papunesia" (a portmanteau of Papua (New Guinea) and Austronesia), which refers to the islands of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania, excluding Australia. Here it is replaced with 'Oceania'.




External links[edit]




  • Official website


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glottolog&oldid=878085320"





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