阿姆河

Multi tool use阿姆河
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Oxus, Jayhoun, də Āmu Sind, Vaksu, Amu River
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從土庫曼斯坦看阿姆河
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名称起源:以安穆爾城(今土庫曼納巴特)命名
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国家
| 阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦、土庫曼斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦
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地区
| 中亞
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支流
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- 左侧支流
| 噴赤河
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- 右侧支流
| 瓦赫什河、蘇爾漢河、謝拉巴德河、澤拉夫尚河
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主源
| 帕米爾河/噴赤河
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- 位置
| 塔吉克斯坦帕米爾高原佐庫里湖
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- 海拔
| 4,130 m(13,550 ft)
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次源
| Kyzyl-Suu/Vakhsh River
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- 位置
| 吉爾吉斯坦帕米爾高原阿萊谷
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- 海拔
| 4,525 m(14,846 ft)
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汇合点
| 克爾基
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- 海拔
| 326 m(1,070 ft)
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河口
| Aral Sea
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- 位置
| 烏茲別克斯坦阿姆河三角洲
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- 海拔
| 28 m(92 ft)
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长度
| 2,620 km(1,628 mi)
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流域面积
| 534,739 km²(206,464 mi²)
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流量
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- 平均流量
| 2,525 m³/s(89,170 ft³/s)[1] |
- 最大流量
| 5,900 m³/s(208,357 ft³/s)
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- 最小流量
| 420 m³/s(14,832 ft³/s)
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阿姆河(波斯語:آمودریا;乌兹别克语:Amudaryo;普什圖語:د آمو سيند;土库曼语:Amyderýa;塔吉克語:Амударё),是中亞最長的河流。在古代,這條河被認為是大伊朗和圖蘭之間的邊界。
名稱
阿姆河在各不同歷史文明語言中有各種稱呼,古希臘語稱 Ὦξος(Oxos),拉丁語稱Ōxus。希伯來語稱其גּוֹזָן(Gozan);阿拉伯語則為جيحون(Jihôn、Jayhoun)中國古稱烏滸水、媯水。《元史》作暗木河。《明史》作阿木河。
地理
阿姆河的源頭瓦罕河(Wakhan)出自帕米尔高原东南部和興都庫什山脈海拔的4900米的山岳冰川,西流匯合源出帕米爾高原的帕米爾河,稱噴赤河(Pyandzh),再曲折西流,匯合瓦赫什河後稱阿姆河,向西北流入咸海。流經塔吉克、阿富汗、烏茲別克、土庫曼四個國家。阿姆河長1415公里;從源頭起算,全长2540公里,流域南北宽960公里,东西长1400公里,面积46.5万平方公里。靠高山冰川和融雪補給,每年有春、夏兩次汛期。河水含沙量多,水力資源豐富,有灌溉之利,建有多處水電站和水庫。從河口到查爾朱可通航。阿姆河也是文化的分界:3世紀時是嚈噠與伊朗,後來是突厥與伊朗,涇渭分明。据记载,阿姆河并不总是流入咸海,历史上曾注入里海。
参考文献
 | 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:阿姆河
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^ Daene C. McKinney. Cooperative management of transboundary water resources in Central Asia (PDF). 18 November 2003 [2014-10-03].
- Curzon, George Nathaniel. 1896. The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus. Royal Geographical Society, London. Reprint: Elibron Classics Series, Adamant Media Corporation. 2005. ISBN 1-4021-5983-8 (pbk); ISBN 1-4021-3090-2 (hbk).
参见
规范控制 | - WorldCat Identities
- GND: 4068666-8
- NKC: ge601510
- VIAF: 236363562
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