支道林

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 | 支遁 |  |
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字 | 道林 |
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出生 | 314年 陈留
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著名成就 | 提出“即色本空”,创立了般若学即色义 |
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宗派 | 般若学
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别称 | 支公、林公 |
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駐錫於 | 支山寺、霊嘉寺 |
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著作 | 文翰集 |
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支道林(314年-366年),名遁,字道林,以字行。本為关姓,晉河南陈留人。
生平
河南陈留人,幼年随家人南渡到江南。早年曾隐居吳縣(今江蘇蘇州)餘杭山,年二十五出家,其师为西域月支人,改姓支。長相欠佳,“双眼黯黯明黑”,阮裕“欲闻其言,恶见其面”[1]。出家後雲遊京師,住白馬寺,潜心研究佛道,“沉思《道行》之品,委曲《慧印》之经”,好養名马,自云:“重其神骏。斯图也,非彼人之徒欤!”。又有贈鶴,他說:“爾沖天物,寧為耳目之玩乎”遂放之,今沃洲尚留有放鶴峰、養馬坡、支遁嶺遺跡[2]。王濛赞扬他“造微之功不减辅嗣”,孙绰称赞支道林“拔新领异,胸怀所及乃自佳”。陈郡殷融以为是卫玠再世。謝安說他“如九方皋之相马,略其玄黄,取其儁逸。”[3]王坦之认为支道林只会诡辩[4]。
支道林常在白马寺与劉系之、馮懷等人谈论《庄子逍遥篇》,西晉郭象的注解里面有一句说:各适性以为逍遥。支遁不这么认为,辩论说,桀纣以残害为本性,如果说适性就是逍遥,那么他们也是很逍遥的了。于是注《逍遥篇》,群儒旧学莫不叹服,为般若学六大家之一。升平元年(357年),移居剡縣石城山(今新昌縣縣城南郊)棲光寺[5],勤於著書立說,晋太和元年闰四月四日圓寂於剡县石城山住所,享年五十三岁[6]。戴逵路經其墓,叹曰:“德音未远,而拱木已繁,冀神理绵绵,不与气运俱尽耳。”[7]
注釋
^ 裴启《语林》
^ 《嘉泰會稽志》卷九云:“沃州真覺院在縣東四十里,方新昌未為縣時,在剡縣南三十里,居沃州之陽,天姥之陰,南對天台山之華頂、赤城,北對四明山之金庭、石鼓,而北有支遁養馬坡,放鶴峰,……晉帛道猷、竺道潛、支道林……皆常居焉。會昌廢......治平三年賜今額。”
^ 《世说新语·轻诋》
^ 《世说新语·轻诋篇》
^ 《浙江分縣簡志.新昌縣.名勝古蹟》稱,粱朝時,隱岳、元化、棲光三寺合併為寶相寺,現稱大佛寺。
^ 《高僧传》卷四:“遁先经余姚坞山中住。至于名辰犹还坞中。或问其意。答云。谢安在昔数来见辄移旬日。今触情举目莫不兴想。后病甚。移还坞中。以晋太和元年闰四月四日终于所住。春秋五十有三。”
^ 《世說》引《建康實錄》記“墓在石城。戴安道過而嘆曰:‘德音未遠而拱木已繁,冀神理綿綿不於氣運懼盡耳’!”
參考文獻
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