火地群岛

Multi tool use坐标:54°S 70°W / 54°S 70°W / -54; -70

本條目介紹的是名為「
Tierra del Fuego」的一個群島。關於同名的主要島嶼,請見“
大火地岛”。關於其它用法,請見“
火地”。
火地群岛(西班牙語:Archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego),是南美洲最南端的一个岛屿群,由主岛大火地岛及周边小岛组成,总面积73,753平方公里。其主岛大火地岛西半部以及其西、南部的全部岛屿均归属于智利境內麦哲伦-智利南极大区的火地省,当中南端合恩島的合恩角是南美洲智利火地群島南端的陸岬,广泛认为是南美洲的最南端。其余部分(即主岛东半部)则归阿根廷,并设火地省。
火地群岛北隔麦哲伦海峡与南美洲大陆相望,向南则隔世界上最宽的海峡——德雷克海峡与南极洲相望,火地岛因此也成为各国南极考察的重要基地之一。
1520年,麦哲伦在其环球航行中发现该群岛,他看见岛上的印第安人燃起了许多烟柱,于是将该群岛命名为火地群岛。他以为那是印第安人准备袭击他的船队的信号,但其实那可能仅仅是因为闪电引起的天火。
英國生物學家查尔斯·达尔文曾經登島以觀察島嶼上的特有物種。
1881年,智利和阿根廷分治火地群岛并划定边界。在此之前,两国都声称拥有整个群岛的全部主权。
参见
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