暗杀
Multi tool use
关于“暗杀”，参见：暗杀 (消歧义)。关于“刺客”，参见：刺客 (消歧義)。
暗杀或称行刺、密裁指因為一些原因而进行的谋杀，常常是政治因素；执行暗杀的人称为刺客。一些恐怖组织（最早为中世纪的阿萨辛派，其后则有近代的爱尔兰新芬党、意大利烧炭党、俄罗斯民意党和中国斧头帮等）常派出刺客謀刺各国元首、重要領袖。同樣地，许多国家的情报機構或秘密警察也都秘密地訓練刺客，例如美国的中央情报局（CIA）、俄國的國安會（KGB）、英國的軍情六處（MI6）、以色列的情報特勤局（Mossad）和中國的國安部（MSS）等，用以刺殺敵國或恐怖组织的高階领导人及持不同政見者。
在政治與軍事策略上，暗殺的目的是藉由結束敵對勢力首腦的生命，以期能在短時間內達到恫嚇或瓦解敵方士氣、混亂或癱瘓敵方指揮系統。在執行方法上主要可被分為三種：
- 一）直接暗殺：刺客直接刺殺、射殺、毒殺、斬殺或以炸彈炸死目標，雖然最簡單而直截了當、相對成本低而成功率高，但事件公開後有很大機會會對幕後主謀帶來麻煩。
- 二）意外式暗殺：刺客透過蓄意製造車禍、空難、疾病、火災、失足、溺水、電擊、食物中毒、親友互殘、甚至不惜製造無辜傷亡，以製造目標不幸遭遇意外逝世的假象令執法部門無法追查。此等方法帶來的風險相對較低，但通常較為複雜，成本及失敗率亦相對較高。
- 三）隱蔽式暗殺：刺客將目標綁架至秘密處所殺害（甚至或可於死前酷刑逼供以套取重要情報），屍體銷毀後往往無法尋獲。查緝偵察人員最終多僅能以失蹤結案。
另外有時為摧殺目標，常以誘餌誘引目標，誘餌往往藉由犧牲，使目標暴露蹤跡或共同毀滅，以達暗殺之目的。
參見
延伸閱讀
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- Clarke, James W. (2006). Defining Danger: American Assassins and the New Domestic Terrorists, 2006.
- Clarke, James W. (2011). "America's History of Crazy Political Assassins Didn't Begin with Loughner", History News Network, Jan. 28, 2011.
Porter, Lindsay. Assassination: a History of Political Murder. Thames and Hudson. 2010. Review The Daily Telegraph, Apr 3, 2010.
外部連結
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维基语录上的相关摘錄： 暗杀
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：暗杀
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Assassinology.org a website dedicated to the study of assassination
Notorious Assassinations – slideshow by Life magazine
CNN A short article on the U.S. policy banning political assassination since 1976 from CNN.com/Law Center, November 4, 2002. See also Ford's 1976 executive order. However, Executive Order 12333, which prohibited the CIA from assassinations, was relaxed by the George W. Bush administration.
- Kretzmer, David Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-Judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence? (PDF). （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008年3月7日）. (PDF)
Is the CIA Assassination Order of a US Citizen Legal? – video by Democracy Now!
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关于“暗杀”，参见：暗杀 (消歧义)。关于“刺客”，参见：刺客 (消歧義)。
