举人

Multi tool use舉人 |
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中文名稱 |
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韓文名稱 |
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谚文 | 거인 | 韩文汉字 | 擧人 | 文观部式 | geoin | 馬賴式 | gŏin |
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越南文名稱 (?) |
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國語字 | cử nhân | 喃字 | .mw-parser-output .han-nomfont-family:"Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Gothic","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)","FZKaiS-Extended","FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU_HKSCS","MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB",sans-serif 舉人 |
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舉人,為一種士人的身份,等級在生員之上。雅稱「孝廉」、「發解」、「發達」、「鄉進士」、「鄉先進」、「鄉進」等對入京師參與會試的舉人雅稱為公车。明清時俗稱「老爺」。
沿革
漢代取士用人無考試之法,皆令郡太守、諸侯國國相薦舉,獲薦舉者稱為舉人。
唐、宋時稱可以應進士考試者為舉人。
明、清時,則稱鄉試中試者為舉人,亦稱為「大會狀」、「大春元」。第一名稱為解元,而因明代科举有以五经取士,乡试每经取一名为首,列前五名稱為「经魁」。清代也沿襲稱鄉試前五名稱為經魁。北闈第一名按慣例須為直隸籍人,為「北元」;南方各省考中第二名也稱元,為「南元」[1]。
图集
陳悅記祖宅中閩浙總督孫爾準所贈「文魁」匾額,1825年。
李騰芳古宅中福建巡撫徐宗幹所贈「文魁」匾,1865年。
連舉人厝中福建巡撫丁日昌所贈「文魁」匾額,1876年。
参见
参考资料
^ 《清稗类钞》考试类:「乾隆辛卯,高宗以解元文甚不佳,移第三,以南元为第一。發卷出,奏事太监曹某奏称:『顺天乡榜向以顺天人置等一。』乃易还之。」
研究書目
- 張仲禮著,費成康等譯:《中國紳士的收入》(上海:上海社會科學院出版社,2001)。
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