氯碱法


氯碱法，由电解饱和食盐水溶液制取氫氧化鈉、氯气和氢气的工业生产方法，是重要的基础化学工业之一。



主要原理


NaCl在水中会解离出Na+displaystyle Na^+Na^+以及Cl−displaystyle Cl^-Cl^-，在通电的情况下：


Na++e=Nadisplaystyle Na^++e=NaNa^++e=Na

以及


2Cl−−2e=Cl2displaystyle 2Cl^--2e=Cl_22Cl^--2e=Cl_2

同时，Na会与水反应，生成NaOH和H2displaystyle H_2H_2。


综合起来就是：


2NaCl+2H2O=2NaOH+H2+Cl2displaystyle 2NaCl+2H_2O=2NaOH+H_2+Cl_22NaCl+2H_2O=2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2

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