滲透壓




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紅血球細胞在不同的滲透压下。


滲透壓（osmotic pressure）对于两侧水溶液浓度不同的半透膜，为了阻止水从低浓度一侧渗透到高浓度一侧而在高浓度一侧施加的最小额外压强称为渗透压。滲透壓的大小和溶液的體積莫耳濃度、溶液溫度和溶質解離度相關，因此有時若得知滲透壓的大小和其他條件，可以反推出大分子的分子量。范特荷夫因為滲透壓和化學動力學等方面的研究獲得第一屆諾貝爾化學獎。依照范特荷夫定律，稀溶液的滲透壓與溶液的體積摩尔濃度及絕對溫度成正比。



参见


  • 渗透

  • 逆渗透

  • 张性


外部連結


  • Osmotic pressure and potential

  • Osmotic pressure

  • Nobel Prize lecture on osmotic pressure and chemical equilibrium (pdf)




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