平重衡

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日語寫法 |
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日語原文 | 平重衡
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假名 | たいら の しげひら
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平文式罗马字 | Taira no Shigehira
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平重衡(1157年-1185年)是平安時代末期的武將、公卿和歌人。他是平清盛的第五子,為清盛的繼室二位尼(平時子)所生。位階原為從三位,後陞正三位,因此被稱為三位中將。根據《玉葉》記載,平重衡擅長和歌,文采出眾,武藝高強,勇力過人。而且相貌堂堂,因此被比作「牡丹」。同時,平重衡在源平合戰中也是平家的重要將領,曾多次擊敗源氏。
平重衡出生時正值伊勢平氏政治權力達到巔峰的時刻。6歲時(1162年)即被敘為從五位下的官階,次年被封尾張守。1179年又陞任左近衛權中將。此時,因平家的權勢日益增大而受到後白河法皇的猜忌。1179年3月,內大臣重盛因病辭職,法皇的寵臣藤原成親即發動鹿谷事件,欲除平家。但被平清盛發現,將成親逮捕流放。11月幽閉法皇,遷法皇於鳥羽北殿,廢止了院政。在此事件中,重衡作為平家的使者,向法皇通報了藤原成親謀反一事。
治承四年(1180年)5月,以仁王與源賴政聯合天下源氏,舉兵反對平家。重衡被平清盛派往鎮壓。治承四年12月(1181年1月),重衡率軍攻打支持以仁王的南都諸寺,與僧眾交戰,燒毀了園城寺、興福寺、般若寺。這次事件後來被稱作「南都燒討」,被當作平家最大的惡行之一,平重衡也因此被南都的僧眾刻骨仇視。
治承五年(1181年)3月,源行家趁平清盛逝世之際攻打平家。在墨俁川之戰中,平重衡率領平家武士大敗源氏,殺死卿公義圓,暫時阻擋了源氏的進攻。
壽永二年(1183年)5月,平家在俱利伽羅峠中大敗後,放棄了京都。平重衡追隨宗盛出城。平家在屋島站穩了腳跟,在此期間,重衡在戰場上非常活躍。同年10月,他在水島之戰中擊斃源氏的足利義清;11月又在室山之戰中打敗源行家,給了木曾義仲以沉重打擊。義仲不得不派兒子源義基為人質,與源賴朝聯盟。翌年正月,賴朝派蒲冠者源範賴、九郎判官源義經支援義仲。
此間,平家曾一度自攝津、福原出兵,欲奪回京都;但同年2月,平家在一之谷遭範賴、義經的重創。重衡在逃跑中跨下之馬中箭,為源氏所俘。隨後被押解進京,由土肥實平看守。後白河法皇遣藤原定長為使,希望以釋放重衡為條件,換取被平家據有的三神器,但被平宗盛斷然拒絕。同年3月,重衡被解往鐮倉。源賴朝對平重衡的才器甚為尊重,差妻子北條政子的侍女千手之前伺候重衡。
元曆二年(1185年)3月,平家在壇之浦為源氏所滅,重衡之妻藤原輔子被俘。同年6月,應南都僧眾的強烈要求,平重衡被引渡到南都,於木津川畔斬首。他的首級被號令於般若寺門前示眾,屍身則被藤原輔子帶往高野山安葬。重衡死後,其妻藤原輔子隨建禮門院隱居並出家為尼。而千手之前得知重衡的死訊後亦因思念而死。
今京都府木津川市木津宮之裏的安福寺建有平重衡的供養塔。
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规范控制 | - WorldCat Identities
- NDL: 01224650
- VIAF: 251912753
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