宾童龙

Multi tool use宾童龙(梵語:पांडुरंग Panduranga)是古代占婆国南部的一個地區名和港口名,《宋史》作「宾他罗」,《岭外代答》作「宾瞳龙」, 《岛夷志略》、《咸宾录》作「宾童龙」。此地名在越南又譯作「藩龍」,位處現今越南的寧順省和平順省一帶。
賓童龍地處占婆王國最南端,是占婆聯邦中的一個城邦,其北與占婆城邦古笪羅相鄰,西與高棉(今柬埔寨)相鄰。
8世紀時期,占婆第五王朝以賓童龍為統治中心,將其境內的毗羅補羅(Virapura;又稱為「羅闍補羅」,Rajapura)定為占婆国都。該城附近有河流过,此河古称宾童龙河,即今越南南部的枚娘江。
明朝永乐年间,三宝太监郑和曾访问此地,受到占城國王占巴的賴的歡迎。
1471年,越南後黎朝攻破占城首都毘闍耶,立占城王族齋亞麻弗菴為傀儡國王,以極南端的賓童龍之地封之。原占城國領土被分割為賓童龍占城(今潘郎、潘切一帶)、華英(今富安、慶和一帶)、南蟠(今邦美蜀、崑嵩一帶)三個小國,越南遣流官監視,事實上成為了占族土司所轄的自治領地。
1611年,廣南阮主阮潢攻打賓童龍占城,奪取富安之地。1653年,阮福瀕再次攻打賓童龍,占婆王巴弼被迫獻出潘郎江以北的土地,阮主以其地置寧和、延慶兩府。1692年,阮福淍以占婆王婆爭不朝貢為由攻打賓童龍,擒之而歸。阮福淍兼併了賓童龍占城和華英兩國,以賓童龍之地設置順城鎮,1697年改名平順府。後來南蟠國因勢力過於弱小、人口太少而瓦解,被阮朝兼併。
婆爭的弟弟繼婆子起兵反抗,最終於1712年與廣南阮主達成協議,阮主冊封繼婆子為「順城鎮王」,世襲統治賓童龍之地,但事實上沒有任何權力。
順城鎮在阮朝建立後仍然存在,直到1832年嘉定總鎮黎文悅死後,明命帝將嘉定鎮的權力收歸朝廷,同時對順城鎮進行改土歸流。自此占婆人的最後一個國家正式滅亡,併入越南領土。
相關條目
參考文獻
- 明朝 羅曰褧撰 《咸賓錄》南夷志卷之六 中華書局 2000 ISBN 7-101-02058-5
法國喬治·馬司培羅著 《占婆史》,馮承鈞譯,臺灣商務印書館 1973年
- 郭振铎、张笑梅著 《越南通史》 中国人民大学出版社 2001年 ISBN 7300034020
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