柳如是

Multi tool use
關於同名电影,請見「
柳如是 (电影)」。
柳如是(1618年-1664年),本名楊愛,後改名柳隱[1],字如是。因讀宋朝辛棄疾《賀新郎》中:「我見青山多嫵媚,料青山見我應如是」,故自號「如是」;又稱「河東君」、「蘼蕪君」。浙江嘉興人,天生麗質,書畫雙絕,美豔絕倫,才氣過人,容貌為「秦淮八豔」之首。
生平
生於1618年(明朝萬曆四十六年),被輾轉販賣,真實姓氏也無從得知。1628年,柳如是十歲時為江南名伎徐佛收養[2]。柳如是並不迷醉其中。沈虬《河东君传》说她:“知书善诗律,分题步韵,倾刻立就;使事谐对,老宿不如。”柳如是與李待問、宋徵輿、陳子龍等都發展過一段戀情,但迫於禮教所阻。尤其是與陳子龍的一段情愫,雙方情切意篤,長居松江南樓,賦詩作對,互相唱和。可惜南樓唱和的美景不長,陳子龍原配張氏帶人鬧上南樓。柳如是不甘受辱,悲切而毅然地離去。雖然如此,陳子龍對於柳如是仍不死心,根據陳寅恪先生的推証,陳子龍後來還是為柳如是的流聞心碎三次。
1638年(崇禎十一年),二十歲的柳如是不施粉黛結識原朝廷禮部侍郎、28歲即得探花的錢謙益,1640年(崇禎十三年)柳以男妝相,柳儒士之名與錢再相遇,錢並在其居住之半野堂之處以「如是我聞」(佛教經書結集常以此詞起頭,原由為內容多為阿難尊者轉述記憶中迦牟尼佛的言行,白話文作「我是這麼聽聞的」。)之名另築一「我聞室」以呼應柳如是之名。並帶著柳如是徜徉於湖光山水,詩酒作伴。柳如是感其深情,願嫁此時早已年過半百的錢謙益。錢謙益大喜過望,於次年迎娶柳如是,由於此舉驚世駭俗,致非議四起,舉行婚禮中船被扔進了許多瓦石[3]。後錢謙益任南明朱由崧弘光朝廷禮部尚書不久,柳如是生下一個女兒。
甲申之變,清軍兵臨南明首府南京城下時,柳如是「奮身欲沉池水中」,卻給錢謙益拉住。后钱谦益降清,但在柳如是影响下不久又辞官回乡。後來柳如是與錢長期從事秘密反清活動。
1647年(順治四年),錢謙益因黃毓祺反清案被捕入獄,1648年(順治五年),柳如是四處奔走,救出了錢謙益。錢對此感慨萬千:“慟哭臨江無孝子,從行赴難有賢妻”。1664年(康熙三年陰曆)五月二十四日錢謙益病故,柳如是不堪錢氏族人钱朝鼎為家產之事與她糾纏不休,六月二十八日(34天後),柳如是自縊身亡,年僅46歲[4]。葬於虞山。雖錢謙益和柳如是的所有著作被乾隆帝下令銷毀和禁止刊印[5],幸有《湖上草》、《戊寅草》等詩集傳世。清嘉庆时常熟知县陈文述曾经重修墓墩[6]。柳墓于抗战初期和中華人民共和國建国初期两遭盗掘,至今尚存[7]。
注釋
^ 顾苓《塔影园集. 河东君小传》记:“河东君者,柳氏也,名隐,更名是,字如是”。
^ 纽琇《觚賸.河东君小传》记:“柳是,字如是,一字靡芜,本吴江名妓徐佛弟子,柳其寓性也。”
^ 沈虬《河东君传》记:“辛巳(1641年;崇祯十四年)六月,虞山(钱谦益)于茸城(松江)舟中与如是结缡,吉服冠带,皤发学士,合卺花烛,仪礼备具,赋催妆诗八首。云间(松江)缙绅哗然攻讨,以为亵朝庭之名器,伤士大夫之体统,几不免老拳,满船载瓦砾而归,虞山怡然自得也。”
^ 《钱氏家变录》云:“牧斋死后匝月,族绅钱朝鼎,主使钱谦光、钱曾,索牧斋侧室柳氏银三千两,大肆威虐。柳氏无地自容,立即缢死毙命。”
^ 谢无量《中国大文学史》第五篇第一章“清初遗臣文学钱、吴之诗”条言:“牧斋所著有《初学》、《有学》二集,乾隆朝诏毁其集以励臣节,故沈德潜《清诗别裁》至不录其一首,若归愚未选其诗者,不知《清诗别裁》本以牧斋冠首,后乾隆帝毁板重刊,以朱谕冠首。故《清诗别裁》有墨序、朱序之别,墨序者价倍蓰,即归愚原本也。”
^ 钱泳《履园丛话》也有记载:“嘉庆二十年间,钱塘陈云伯(陈文述)为常熟令,访得柳夫人墓在拂水岩下,为清理立石。”
^ 黄裳:《钱柳的遗迹》
參考
.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%
- 《牧齋遺事》
陳寅恪:《柳如是別傳》
- 孫康宜著,李奭學譯:《陳子龍柳如是詩詞情緣》(台北:允晨文化實業股份有限公司,1992)。
- 謝正光:《評孫著〈陳子龍柳如是詩詞情緣〉》
- 高居翰:〈柳隐的绘画〉。
秦淮八艷
|
---|
馬湘蘭 - 卞玉京 - 李香君 - 柳如是 - 董小宛 - 顧橫波 - 寇白門 - 陳圓圓
|
4Wuk2,y UgmWq4j,5ydL,6dckZsp,rKg,fQbx7ORZ A98Phw,PIGWXM33tk5GmT
Popular posts from this blog
Ramiro Burr's New Blog - to go back: www.ramiroburr.com From Latin rock to reggaeton, boleros to blues,Tex-Mex to Tejano, conjunto to corridos and beyond, Ramiro Burr has it covered. If you have a new CD release, a trivia question or are looking for tour info, post a message here or e-mail Ramiro directly at: musicreporter@gmail.com Top Tejano songwriter Luis Silva dead of heart attack at 64 By Ramiro Burr on October 23, 2008 8:40 AM | Permalink | Comments (12) | TrackBacks (0) UPDATE: Luis Silva Funeral Service details released Visitation 4-9 p.m. Saturday, Rosary service 6 p.m. Saturday at Porter Loring, 1101 McCullough Ave Funeral Service 10:30 a.m. Monday St. Anthony De Padua Catholic Church, Burial Service at Chapel Hills, 7735 Gibbs Sprawl Road. Porter Loring (210) 227-8221 Related New Flash: Irma Laura Lopez: long time record promoter killed in accident NewsFlash: 9:02 a.m. (New comments below) Luis Silva , one of the most well-known ...
1 I having trouble getting my ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries to load from app.xaml. My WPF app has a static class with a Main defined and startup object set to it. Within Main I created an instance of App and run it. The override OnStartup fires and the mainwindow.cs InitializeComponent gives the error "Message "Cannot find resource named 'MaterialDesignFloatingActionMiniAccentButton'. If I put the resources in the mainwindow.xaml everything is fine, but I wanted them to load at the app level so I they are not in each page. Any help appreciated. public partial class App protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) base.OnStartup(e); var app = new MainWindow(); var context = new MainWindowViewModel(); app.DataContext = context; app.Show(); from the Main.. var app = new App(); app.Run(); app.xaml.. <Application x:Class="GS.Server.App" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:...
up vote 2 down vote favorite There is a clear pattern that show for two separate subsets (set of columns); If one value is missing in a column, values of other columns in the same subset are missing for any row. Here is a visualization of missing data My tries up until now, I used ycimpute library to learn from other values, and applied Iterforest. I noted, score of Logistic regression is so weak (0.6) and thought Iterforest might not learn enough or anyway, except from outer subset which might not be enough? for example the subset with 11 columns might learn from the other columns but not from within it's members, and the same goes for the subset with four columns. This bar plot show better quantity of missings So of course, dealing with missings is better than dropping rows because It would affect my prediction which does contain the same missings quantity relatively. Any better way to deal with these ? [EDIT] The nullity pattern is confirmed: machine-learning cor...