新修本草

Multi tool use《新修本草》,因成书时主持修撰的是英国公李勣而又名《英公本草》,是世界上最早的一部由国家权力机关颁布的,具有法律效力的药学专著,成书于唐显庆四年(659年),被认为是世界上最早出现的药典。
显庆三年(658年),右监门府长史苏敬向唐高宗进表请修本草,高宗下令组织了长孙无忌、许孝崇、李淳风、孔志约等22人与苏敬同编新本草,“普颁天下,营求药物”,从唐显庆二年(657年)开始编写到唐显庆四年(659年)正月使其成书共历时两年。全书共54卷,分为三部分:正文、药图和图经。《正文》即通称《新修本草》凡20卷,目录1卷;药图25卷,目录1卷;《图经》7卷。
新修本草又被称为《唐本草》、《英公本草》,体例源自《本草经集注》,分类将《本草经集注》的草木、虫兽二部再細为草部、木部、兽禽部、虫鱼四部。《新修本草》正文部分收录了850种药,比前代药学家陶弘景的《本草经集注》新增药物114种,对古书未载的内容加以补充,内容有误者,重加修订,新增龍腦、安息香、胡椒、鬱金、訶子等新藥,還收录武则天的美容秘方,又載有以白锡、银箔、水银合成的补牙劑,具有较高的学术价值,从正式颁布天下之后就作为临床用药的法律和学术依据,流传了400余年,代表了中古时期中国中医药学发展的一个里程碑。日本《律令蜒喜式》记载:“凡医生皆读苏敬新修本草”。“凡读医经者,《太素》限四百六十日,《新修本草》三百一十日”。
《新修本草》亦有錯誤,蘇敬等人誤把楓樹當做楓香,如“炼丹”被列为上品之情形。陳藏器對該書進行補遺,編成《本草拾遺》。敦煌石窟曾发现手抄本,现仅存殘本於大不列颠博物馆和法国巴黎图书馆。
参考文献
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