石蜜
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石密。
石蜜又稱崖蜜、岩蜜，現在常稱為片糖，[1][2]，是指甘蔗汁经过太阳暴晒后而成的固体原始蔗糖。明李时珍《本草纲目》石蜜条：“石蜜，白沙糖也，凝结作饼块者为石蜜”。清张澍辑《凉州异物志》说：“石蜜非石类，假石之名也。实乃甘蔗汁煎而暴之，凝如石而体甚轻，故谓之石蜜”。
现在用于烹调的片糖，就是古时的“石蜜”。杜甫有《发秦州》诗：“充肠多薯蓣，崖蜜亦易求。”
原产地
《唐本草》说“石蜜出益州、西域”。根据季羡林考证，石蜜一词最早出现在汉代文献中；石蜜又称为“西极石密”或“西国石密”来自古印度。
世界各国“蔗糖”（英文：sugar，sucrose；德文Zucker；俄文Сахар）和中国古代的“西极石密”和“西国石密”都包含“sacca”字根，来自梵文śarkarā。说明蔗糖发原地是古印度，通过丝绸之路传入中国和世界各地。
印度制蔗糖的方法，是将甘蔗榨出甘蔗水晒成糖浆，用火煮练成为蔗糖块（śarkarā）。正是《凉州异物志》中所说：“石蜜....实乃甘蔗汁煎而曝之..谓之石蜜”。
梵文śarkarā又有“石”的含义。印度的“石”糖在汉代传入中国，汉代文献中的“石蜜”、“西极石蜜”、“西国石蜜”，指由西域入口的“石”糖；其中“西国”、“西极”正是梵文śarkarā的对音，而“石蜜”是梵文śarkarā的意译。
药性
北宋唐慎微《证类本草》石蜜条：“石蜜，乳糖也，味甘寒，无毒，主心腹热胀，口干渴”。又：“石蜜疗口疮”。
注釋
^ 《本草纲目·虫一·蜂蜜》集解引南朝梁陶弘景之言：“石蜜即崖蜜也。在高山巖石间作之，色青，味小酸。”
^ 一說崖密是樱桃，《王直方诗话·东坡〈橄榄〉诗崖蜜解》：“崖蜜，樱桃。出《金楼子》。”
参考
季羡林著《中华蔗糖史》东方文化集成 经济日报出版社 ISBN 7-80127-284-6/K
- 蔗糖
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