鹿苑院

Multi tool use鹿苑院(ろくおんいん)は、かつて臨済宗相国寺派大本山相国寺(京都府京都市上京区)にあった塔頭。また、室町幕府第3代将軍足利義満の院号でもある。
歴史
足利義満は、永徳2年(1382年)に自らが開基となって相国寺の建立を開始した。鹿苑院はその翌年に義満自身の禅の道場として、そこにあった安聖寺を撤去して創建された。
応永5年(1398年)、義満は相国寺の住持であった絶海中津を退任させて、代わりにその塔頭である鹿苑院の院主に任命した。ついで、そのまま絶海中津を僧録に任じた。僧録とは五山を含む全臨済宗寺院の寺務を統括する役職であるが、これ以来僧録は鹿苑院院主が兼務することとなり、鹿苑僧録と呼ばれ権勢を振るうこととなる。
しかし、江戸時代になると幕府により僧録職を廃止され、その後金地院崇伝が任命された。以降金地院院主が担う事になる。
鹿苑院は明治時代に入ると、廃仏毀釈によって荒廃し、廃絶した。その際の混乱で、院内にあったとされる義満の墓も失われてしまった。跡地は同志社大学今出川キャンパスの敷地の一部となっている。
寮舎
軒主は足利家の当主で、足利家の休憩所的な建物であったとされる。長官を蔭涼職といい鹿苑院の実務をとりしきった。
参考文献
- 臼井信義『足利義満』(吉川弘文館人物叢書、1989年(平成元年)新装版) ISBN 4-642-05150-3
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