駐日盟軍總司令

Multi tool use
Multi tool use

驻日盟军总司令（日語：連合国軍最高司令官；英语：Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers，縮寫SCAP[1][2][註 1]），又譯為盟軍最高司令官總司令部、盟軍最高司令部，簡稱盟總或盟總政府，日本又稱總司令部（英语：General Headquarters，縮寫GHQ），是美国远东军司令兼驻日美军总司令麥克阿瑟元帥在日本盟軍佔領時期期间的一个头衔，1951年由李奇微将军接任。1952年，舊金山條約簽訂，日本恢復主權，此職取消。




目录





  • 1 沿革


  • 2 參見


  • 3 註釋


  • 4 参考文献


  • 5 延伸閱讀




沿革




盟軍最高司令官總司令部所在地：第一生命館。拍攝於1950年


在第二次世界大戰的太平洋戰爭結束後，为执行美国政府「单独占领日本」的政策，麦克阿瑟将军以「驻日盟军总司令」名义在日本东京都建立盟軍最高司令官總司令部，日本人稱之為「總司令部」，即「General Headquarters」，即「GHQ」。“SCAP”这一头衔只有麦克阿瑟将军担任过。


隨著日本宣佈無條件投降，二戰正式終止。根據《波茨坦宣言》，盟軍（事實上只有美軍）于日本建立進行接管的總司令部掌管日本的軍事佔領，而英聯邦佔領軍（英语：British Commonwealth Occupation Force）則進行中國地方和四國地方的佔領任務。1945年8月28日，第一批盟軍於橫濱登陸，並設立盟軍最高司令官總司令部；1945年8月30日，盟軍最高司令官麥克阿瑟也搭機抵達日本。1945年9月2日，日本正式簽署《降伏文書》。隨后到1952年4月28日期間，盟軍最高司令官總司令部透過日本國政府實行所謂「間接統治」，主要大權均操在盟軍最高司令官總司令部手中。


1951年4月16日，麥克阿瑟與盟軍最高司令官總司令部民政局局長考特尼·惠特尼返回美國，马修·李奇微接任盟軍最高司令官。1952年4月28日，《舊金山和約》生效，盟軍最高司令官總司令部結束占領日本，日本恢復主權國家地位；但是沖繩諸島等領土則遲至1972年才移交給日本。



參見


  • 同盟国军事佔領日本

  • 日本分治計劃

  • 朝鮮盟軍託管時期


註釋



  1. ^ 有一本2016出版著作認為是Supreme Command of Allies in the Pacific。



参考文献




  1. ^ SCAP，Oxford Referenc


  2. ^ Occupation and Reconstruction of Japan, 1945–52，[美國國務院歷史文獻辦公室]



延伸閱讀


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  • Bix, Herbert P. (2000). Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-019314-0; OCLC 247018161


  • Dower, John W. (1999). Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-04686-1; OCLC 39143090

  • Gold, Hal. (2003). Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation and the Post-War Cover-up. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-4-900737-39-6; OCLC 422879915

  • Lind, Jennifer. (2008). Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4625-2; OCLC 214322850

  • Yoshida, Yukihiko,　Jane Barlow and Witaly Osins, ballet teachers who worked in postwar Japan, and their students, Pan-Asian Journal of Sports & Physical Education, Vol.3(Sep), 2012.


  • 英聯邦日本佔領軍（英语：British Commonwealth Occupation Force）

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