鳃
Multi tool use
關於魚類的鰓，請見“
魚鰓”。
鳃是一种器官，很多水生动物依靠它将溶解在水中的氧气吸收到血液中。这种呼吸方式被称为鳃呼吸。最近的研究表明，鰓的進化起初並非為了呼吸，而是用來調節體液平衡，避免脱水。[1]
鳃被一层很薄的，具有通透性的膜所包绕。血液在内届的血管或者是腔隙里面流动，这样就可以尽可能的与外界的水接触到。鳃的位置不定：蠕虫和蟹的鳃在它们的肢体，贝壳动物的鳃则在它们的外套腔中，鱼的鳃在鳃裂。大部分动物的鳃是裸露的，但也有些鳃是被皮肤保护的，或者是为某些特别的结构保护（壳，外套，鳃盖）。为了增加与水的接触面积，鳃的形状有栉状，叶状，树状和丛状。鳃利用对流原则，即血液（血淋巴）流动的方向与水流动的方向相反，使得血液可以最大限度的补充氧气。在软体动物中（例如贻贝），鳃还有过滤食物颗粒的功能。
许多水生动物和一些在潮湿空气生活的陆生动物用鳃呼吸。如蜗牛（例外：肺螺亚纲），贝壳和其他软体动物，多种"蠕虫"，蟹等，而鱼和两栖动物的幼虫（有些成虫还会）是鳃呼吸的代表。
而昆蟲大多是用氣管呼吸，只有少部分才用鳃呼吸（部分還會和器官相連），例如：蜻蜓， 蜉蝣和部分雙翅目的水生幼蟲。
大部分用鳃呼吸的动物会在水外的环境迅速窒息死亡，因为鳃叶极容易干燥，这也会因为水中的氧气耗尽而发生。
一些鱼类和蟹能通过特别的措施（如将水重新补充氧气），而能够较长时间脱水生活。
参考文献
2byR5gEJ9R,95dcmUGSdY9BY eKZfu33bQn,GIQnPYRw2r ww
Popular posts from this blog
Ramiro Burr's New Blog - to go back: www.ramiroburr.com From Latin rock to reggaeton, boleros to blues,Tex-Mex to Tejano, conjunto to corridos and beyond, Ramiro Burr has it covered. If you have a new CD release, a trivia question or are looking for tour info, post a message here or e-mail Ramiro directly at: musicreporter@gmail.com Top Tejano songwriter Luis Silva dead of heart attack at 64 By Ramiro Burr on October 23, 2008 8:40 AM | Permalink | Comments (12) | TrackBacks (0) UPDATE: Luis Silva Funeral Service details released Visitation 4-9 p.m. Saturday, Rosary service 6 p.m. Saturday at Porter Loring, 1101 McCullough Ave Funeral Service 10:30 a.m. Monday St. Anthony De Padua Catholic Church, Burial Service at Chapel Hills, 7735 Gibbs Sprawl Road. Porter Loring (210) 227-8221 Related New Flash: Irma Laura Lopez: long time record promoter killed in accident NewsFlash: 9:02 a.m. (New comments below) Luis Silva , one of the most well-known ...
1 I having trouble getting my ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries to load from app.xaml. My WPF app has a static class with a Main defined and startup object set to it. Within Main I created an instance of App and run it. The override OnStartup fires and the mainwindow.cs InitializeComponent gives the error "Message "Cannot find resource named 'MaterialDesignFloatingActionMiniAccentButton'. If I put the resources in the mainwindow.xaml everything is fine, but I wanted them to load at the app level so I they are not in each page. Any help appreciated. public partial class App protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) base.OnStartup(e); var app = new MainWindow(); var context = new MainWindowViewModel(); app.DataContext = context; app.Show(); from the Main.. var app = new App(); app.Run(); app.xaml.. <Application x:Class="GS.Server.App" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:...
up vote 2 down vote favorite There is a clear pattern that show for two separate subsets (set of columns); If one value is missing in a column, values of other columns in the same subset are missing for any row. Here is a visualization of missing data My tries up until now, I used ycimpute library to learn from other values, and applied Iterforest. I noted, score of Logistic regression is so weak (0.6) and thought Iterforest might not learn enough or anyway, except from outer subset which might not be enough? for example the subset with 11 columns might learn from the other columns but not from within it's members, and the same goes for the subset with four columns. This bar plot show better quantity of missings So of course, dealing with missings is better than dropping rows because It would affect my prediction which does contain the same missings quantity relatively. Any better way to deal with these ? [EDIT] The nullity pattern is confirmed: machine-learning cor...
關於魚類的鰓，請見“魚鰓”。
