悬山顶

Multi tool use懸山頂 |
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 佛光寺文殊殿的懸山頂。
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中文名稱 |
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日文名稱 |
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日文汉字 | 切妻造 | 假名 | きりづまづくり | 新字體 | 切妻造 | 舊字體 | 切妻造 |
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韓文名稱 |
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谚文 | 맞배 지붕 | 韩文汉字 | (無) | 文观部式 | matbae jibung | 馬賴式 | matpae chipung |
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悬山顶,即悬山式屋顶,宋朝时称“不厦两头造”,清朝称“悬山”、“挑山”,又名“出山”,是中国古代建筑的一种屋顶样式,也傳到日本、朝鮮半島和越南,日語稱切妻造(きりづまづくり)。在古代,懸山頂等级上低于庑殿顶和歇山顶,仅高于硬山顶,只用于民间建筑,是東亞一般建筑中最常见的一种形式。
悬山有一条正脊,四条垂脊。其特征是:各条桁或檩不像硬山那样封在两端的山墙面中。而是直接伸到山墙以外,以支托悬挑于外的屋面部分。也就是说悬山建筑不仅有前后檐,而且两端还有与前后檐尺寸相同的檐。于是其两山部分便处于悬空状态,因此得名。
悬山顶是两面坡屋顶的早期样式,但在唐朝以前并未用于重要建筑。和硬山顶相比,悬山顶有利于防雨,而硬山顶有利于防风火,因此南方民居多用悬山,北方则多硬山。
日本有些懸山頂建築的入口設於山牆,日語又把山牆稱為「妻」(つま),因此這種建築樣式稱為「妻入り」(つまいり)
[[燃藜第懸山頂.jpg|thumb|250px|燃藜第的懸山頂。]]
中国传统屋顶
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| 庑殿顶 · 歇山顶(直脊檩 · 燕尾 · 卷棚) · 悬山顶(直脊檩 · 燕尾 · 卷棚) · 硬山顶(直脊檩 · 燕尾 · 卷棚) · 单坡顶 · 攒尖顶 · 十字脊顶 · 盝顶 · 盔顶
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