五氟化铋

Multi tool use五氟化铋
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别名
| 氟化铋(V)
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识别
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CAS号
| 7787-62-4  |
PubChem
| 123260
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ChemSpider
| 21172752
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SMILES
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- [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[BiH3+3]
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InChI
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- 1/Bi.5FH.3H/h;5*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;;/p-5/rBiH3.5FH/h1H3;5*1H/q+3;;;;;/p-5
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InChIKey
| MELFHUKMGVSOTN-COTDSHSIAY
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ChEBI
| 30426
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性质
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化学式
| BiF5
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摩尔质量
| 303.97 g·mol⁻¹
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外观
| 白色针状晶体[1]或无色晶体[2] |
密度
| 5.40 g cm−3[1] |
熔点
| 151.4 °C[2], 154.4 °C[1] |
沸点
| 230 °C[1][2] |
结构
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配位几何
| 正八面体
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相关物质
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其他阴离子
| 三氯化铋、三溴化铋、三碘化铋、五甲基铋
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其他阳离子
| 五氟化磷、五氟化砷、五氟化锑
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相关化学品
| 三氟化铋
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若非注明,所有数据均出自一般条件(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。
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五氟化铋是一种无机化合物,化学式为BiF5,也是铋元素惟一的五卤化物。
结构
BiF5固态时是多聚体,由反式桥连的线型链共用BiF6八面体的一个角形成。[1][3] 这种结构与α-UF5是相同的,却与三氟化铋(BiF3)不同,这是一种离子化合物并采用YCl3结构。[1]
制法
BiF5可以通过BiF3与F2在500 °C下反应制备:[2]
- BiF3 + F2 → BiF5
另一种合成方法是在350 °C下使用ClF3作为氟化剂:[4]
- BiF3 + ClF3 → BiF5 + ClF
反应
五氟化铋是最活泼的VA族元素五氟化物,它也是一个很强的氟化剂。它与水剧烈反应产生臭氧、二氟化氧以及棕色沉淀(可能是水合氟氧化铋(V)),与碘或硫在室温下即可反应。BiF5可以在50 °C以上将煤油(碳氢化合物)氟化成碳氟化合物,并能在150 °C下将UF4氧化成UF6。温度达到180 °C时,五氟化铋甚至能将Br2氟化成BrF3,将Cl2氟化成ClF。[1]
BiF5也能与碱金属氟化物(MF)作用,得到六氟铋酸盐M[BiF6]。其中含有六氟合铋酸根离子[BiF6]−。[2]
参考资料
^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan., Chemistry of the Elements 2nd, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann: 561–563, 1997, ISBN 0080379419
^ 2.02.12.22.32.4 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E., Inorganic Chemistry, San Diego: Academic Press: 769–770, 2001, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
^ C. Hebecker. Zur Kristallstruktur von Wismutpentafluorid. Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 1971, 384 (2): 111–114. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713840204.
^ A. I. Popov, A. V. Scharabarin, V. F. Sukhoverkhov, N. A. Tchumaevsky. Synthesis and properties of pentavalent antimony and bismuth fluorides. Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 1989, 576 (1): 242–254. doi:10.1002/zaac.19895760128.
铋化合物
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| BiH3
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| He
| Li
| Be
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| B
| Bi2O2CO3
| Bi(NO3)3
| Bi2O3
| BiOF BiF3 BiF5
| Ne
| NaBiO3
| Mg
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| Al
| Si
| BiP BiPO4
| Bi2S3 Bi2(SO4)3
| BiOCl BiCl3 Bi(ClO3)3 Bi(ClO4)3
| Ar
| KBiI4
| Ca
| Sc
| Ti
| BiVO4
| Cr
| Mn
| Bi[Fe(CN)6]
| Bi[Co(CN)6]
| Ni
| Cu
| Zn
| Ga
| Bi4(GeO4)3
| BiAsO4
| Bi2Se3
| BiOBr BiBr3
| Kr
| Rb
| Sr
| Y
| Zr
| Nb
| Bi2(MoO4)3
| Tc
| Ru
| Rh
| Pd
| Ag
| Cd
| In
| Sn
| Sb
| Bi2Te3
| BiOI BiI3
| Xe
| Cs
| Ba
| *
| Hf
| Ta
| W
| Re
| Os
| Ir
| Pt
| Au
| Hg
| Tl
| Pb
| Bi
| Po
| At
| Rn
| Fr
| Ra
| **
| Rf
| Db
| Sg
| Bh
| Hs
| Mt
| Ds
| Rg
| Cn
| Nh
| Fl
| Mc
| Lv
| Ts
| Og
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| ↓
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| *
| La
| Ce
| Pr
| Nd
| Pm
| Sm
| Eu
| Gd
| Tb
| Dy
| Ho
| Er
| Tm
| Yb
| Lu
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| **
| Ac
| Th
| Pa
| U
| Np
| Pu
| Am
| Cm
| Bk
| Cf
| Es
| Fm
| Md
| No
| Lr
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| | 铋的有机化合物及有机酸盐 BiR3 · BiPh3 · BiPh5 · Bi(CH3COO)3 · C7H5BiO4 · C6HBiBr4O3
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