Raid on Souda Bay (1941)
Part of the Battle of the Mediterranean of World War II
HMS York's hull boarded by the Italian Torpedo Boat Sirio
Date 26 March 1941 Location Souda Bay, Mediterranean Sea Result Italian victory
Belligerents
United Kingdom	Italy
Commanders and leaders
Reginald Henry Portal	Arturo Redaelli[1] Ugo Ferruta[1] Luigi Faggioni (POW)
Strength
Fleet in harbour	2 destroyers 6 motor assault boats
Casualties and losses
1 heavy cruiser 1 tanker 2 killed	6 prisoners

The Raid on Souda Bay was an Italian Royal Navy small craft assault on Souda Bay, Crete, during the first hours of 26 March 1941. The Royal Navy heavy cruiser HMS York and the Norwegian tanker Pericles were disabled by Italian motor launches and eventually lost.

Background[edit]

Souda is a naturally protected harbor on the northwest coast of the island. It had been chosen as a target by the Decima Flottiglia MAS months before because of the almost continuous Allied naval activity there.^[2] Air reconnaissance had spotted a number of naval and auxiliary steamers at anchor in Souda Bay, Crete.

On 25 March 1941, the Italian destroyers Crispi and Sella departed from Leros island in the Aegean at night, each one carrying three 2 long tons (2.0 t) motor assault boats of the Decima known as Motoscafo da Turismo (MT).^[3] Each MT (nicknamed barchino - "little boat") carried a 300 kg (660 lb) explosive charge inside its bow.^[4] The MTs were specially equipped to make their way through obstacles such as torpedo nets. The pilot would steer the assault craft on a collision course at his target ship, and then would jump from his boat before impact and warhead detonation.^[5]

The attack[edit]

York and Pericles both crippled and beached. A Short Sunderland flying boat is landing between them

At 23:30, the MT were released by the destroyers 10 mi (8.7 nmi; 16 km) off Souda. Once inside the bay, the six boats, under the command of Lieutenant Luigi Faggioni, identified their targets: the heavy cruiser HMS York, a large tanker (the Norwegian Pericles of 8,300 long tons (8,400 t)), another tanker and a cargo ship.^[5] At 4:46, two MTs hit HMS York amidships, flooding her aft boilers and magazines, and the ship was beached by her own crew to avoid capsizing.^[6] Two seamen were killed by the explosions.^[7]Pericles was severely damaged and settled on the bottom, while the other tanker and the cargo ship were sunk, according to Italian sources.^[8] According to British reports, the other barchini apparently missed their intended targets, and one of them ended stranded on the beach.^[9] The antiaircraft guns of the base opened fire randomly, believing that the base was under air attack.^[10]

All six of the Italian sailors: Luigi Faggioni, Alessio de Vito, Emilio Barberi, Angelo Cabrini, Tullio Tedeschi, and Lino Beccati, were captured.

Aftermath[edit]

Destroyer Sella, one of the mother ships of the explosive motor boats

HMS York was disabled. After a salvage operation involving a submarine dispatched from Alexandria was abandoned, she was wrecked with demolition charges by her crew before the German capture of Crete,^[11] while the Pericles, taken in tow by destroyers, sank on 14 April 1941 en route to Alexandria during a storm.^[12]

The sinking of HMS York was the source of a controversy between the Regia Marina and the Luftwaffe over credit for her sinking. The matter was resolved by British war records and by the ship's own war log, captured by Italian naval officers who boarded the half-sunk cruiser.^[13]

After the war, the hull of HMS York was raised and towed to Bari, and scrapped there by an Italian shipbreaker in March 1952.^[14]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

• 
  Frogmen First Battles by retired U.S Captain William Schofield's book.
  ISBN 0-8283-2088-8
  


• 
  The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1940-1943 by Jack Greene & Alessandro Massignani, Chatam Publishing, London, 1998.
  ISBN 1-86176-057-4
  


• 
  Sea Devils by J. Valerio Borghese, translated into English by James Cleugh, with introduction by the United States Naval Institute
  ISBN 1-55750-072-X
  


• 
  The Italian Navy in World War II by Marc'Antonio Bragadin, United States Naval Institute, Annapolis, 1957.
  ISBN 0-405-13031-7
  


• 
  The Italian Navy in World War II by Sadkovich, James, Greenwood Press, Westport, 1994.
  ISBN 0-313-28797-X
  

External links[edit]

• 
  "Attack to Suda Bay" - RegiaMarina.net (in English)
  


• HMS York at Uboat.net


• HMS York at Naval History.Net

Coordinates: 35°29′0″N 24°08′17″E / 35.48333°N 24.13806°E / 35.48333; 24.13806