茄科
Multi tool use茄科
化石时期：始新世初期至全新世
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大花曼陀羅 Brugmansia suaveolens
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科学分类 
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| 界： |
植物界 Plantae
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| 演化支： |
被子植物 Angiosperms
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| 演化支： |
真双子叶植物 Eudicots
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| 演化支： |
菊类植物 Asterids
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| 目： |
茄目 Solanales
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| 科： |
茄科 Solanaceae
Juss., 1789
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亚科
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- Cestroideae
锈毛茄亚科 Goetzeoideae
烟草亚科 Nicotianoideae
矮牵牛亚科 Petunioideae
蛾蝶花亚科 Schizanthoideae
- Schwenckioideae
茄亚科 Solanoideae[1]
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茄科（学名：Solanaceae）是真双子叶植物茄目的一科，对于人类是非常重要的一类植物，提供给人类许多种食物和药物。茄科植物一般都含有不同量的生物碱，对人类具有一定的毒性，根据其生物碱含量的多少，有的品种可以作为食物，有的品种可以作为药物。其中最重要的品种有马铃薯、茄子、番茄、辣椒、枸杞等，此外如矮牵牛、曼陀罗都是著名的花卉；颠茄、曼陀罗也是提炼药物的原料；烟草更是最為廣泛使用的毒品。美洲原住民印第安人为人类培育了多个重要的经济作物，其中比较著名的马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、烟草都属于茄科。该科属于茄目，在菊类植物组和木兰纲（双子叶植物）[2]。茄科包括大约98属和大约2700种[3]，具有非常多样化的栖息地，形态和生态。
茄科植物大部分为草本或灌木，只有少数为乔木，叶互生，有单叶也有羽状复叶，花5基数。茄科植物分布在全世界的温带和热带地区，但在美洲的热带地区种类最多，许多重要的品种都是美洲印第安人培育出来的。在中国有24个属和大约115种。
除了烟草（Nicotiana tabacum，Nicotianoideae）和矮牵牛（Petunia × hybrida，Petunioideae）之外，大多数经济上重要的属都包含在亚科茄亚科中。
许多茄科物种被用作调查在细胞学的，分子学的和遗传学水平上的基础生物学问题的模式生物，例如烟草和矮牵牛。
属
山茛菪属(Acnistus)
顛茄屬(Atropa)
紫水晶屬(Browallia)
曼陀羅木屬(Brugmansia)
番茉莉屬(Brunfelsia)
萬鈴花屬(Calibrachoa)
辣椒屬(Capsicum)
夜香樹屬(Cestrum)
野茄子(Chamaesaracha)
- (Combera)
- (Crenidium)
- (Cuatresia)
- (Cyphanthera)
樹番茄屬(Cyphomandra)
曼陀羅屬(Datura)
天仙子屬(Hyoscyamus)
藍色曼陀羅屬(Iochroma)
- (Juanulloa)
紅絲線屬(Lycianthes)
枸杞屬(Lycium)
茄參屬(Mandragora)
假酸漿屬(Nicandra)
煙草屬(Nicotiana)
高杯花(Nierembergia)
假茄属(Nolana)
矮牽牛屬(Petunia)
酸漿屬(Physalis)
東莨菪屬(Scopolia)
金杯藤(Solandra)
茄屬(Solanum)
旋果花(Streptosolen)
睡茄屬(Withania)
外部链接
- SOL Genomics Network
- Solanaceae Network - 图片
- Solanaceae Source - 图片
- L. Watson和M.J. Dallwitz (1992年)《显花植物分类》中的茄科
- USDA植物数据库中的茄科
茄科 Solanaceae 藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （繁体中文）（英文）
参考文献
^ Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons.. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12 [2009-04-16].
^ Olmstead, R. G.; Sweere, J. A.; Spangler, R. E.; Bohs, L.; Palmer, J. D. Phylogeny and provisional classification of the Solanaceae based on chloroplast DNA (PDF). (编) Nee, M.; Symon, D. E.; Lester, R. N.; Jessop, J. P. Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization. The Royal Botanic Gardens. 1999: 111–37.
^ Olmstead, R.G.; Bohs, L. A Summary of molecular systematic research in Solanaceae: 1982-2006. Acta Horticulturae. 2007, 745: 255–68.
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D'Arcy, William G. Solanacea. Columbia University Press. 1986. ISBN 978-0-231-05780-6.
主要作物
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| | 禾本科 |
稻米· 小麥· 玉米· 燕麦· 大麦· 黑麦· 高粱· 小米· 甘蔗· 竹筍
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| | 豆科 |
大豆（黄豆） · 蚕豆· 绿豆· 豌豆· 紅豆 · 菜豆· 刀豆
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| | 茄科 |
马铃薯· 茄子· 番茄· 辣椒· 烟草· 枸杞
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| | 葫芦科 |
黄瓜· 南瓜· 丝瓜· 西瓜· 冬瓜· 葫芦
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| | 十字花科 |
白菜· 萝卜· 油菜· 荠菜· 花椰菜· 卷心菜
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Template:致幻剂
| 规范控制 | - AAT: 300375502
- GND: 4171062-9
- NDL: 00568049
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