耶路撒冷牧首

Multi tool use耶路撒冷牧首(Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem),全稱為耶路撒冷聖城和全巴勒斯坦牧首,是東正教15個自主教會之一耶路撒冷正教會的領袖。按照歷史榮譽,耶路撒冷的牧首在所有東正教領袖中列在第四位,僅次於君士坦丁堡牧首、亞歷山大牧首和安提阿牧首。
在451年之前,耶路撒冷只是一個主教區。在451年,加爾西頓大公會議上被確立為宗主教教區的地位。按照傳統說法,耶穌基督的弟弟雅各是耶路撒冷的第一位主教(62年)。
在阿拉伯人的征服之後,穆斯林統治者承認耶路撒冷作為基督教教區的地位,並且承認耶路撒冷宗主教(在東西教會大分裂之後,習慣上譯為耶路撒冷牧首)是它的領袖。 1099年,攻占耶路撒冷的十字軍流放了東正教教會的牧首,而指定了一個拉丁禮教會宗主教,試圖將耶路撒冷教區西方禮化(或拉丁化) 。從此直到1187年耶路撒冷牧首都在君士坦丁堡避難。
今天,耶路撒冷牧首的聖座位於耶路撒冷的聖墓教堂。
現任耶路撒冷牧首是狄奧菲洛三世法座(2005年在前任牧首被廢黜後當選)。
参考文献
参见
外部链接
- Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem
五大牧首區
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羅馬牧首 首任:聖伯多祿
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| 亞歷山大港牧首 首任:聖馬爾谷
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| 安提阿牧首 首任:聖伯多祿
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| 耶路撒冷牧首 首任:聖雅各伯
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| 君士坦丁堡牧首 首任:聖安德肋
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