潟湖
Multi tool use潟湖是一種因為海灣被沙洲所封閉而演變成的湖泊，所以一般都在海邊。這些湖本來都是海灣，後來在海灣的出海口處由於泥沙沉積，使出海口形成了沙洲，繼而將海灣與海洋分隔，因而成為湖泊。潟湖也指珊瑚环礁所围成的水域，有的高潮时可与海相通，此类珊瑚礁潟湖若严格按地理学的湖泊定义其实不是湖，而是海湾。[1]
潟[2]在汉语中是鹵鹹地之意，如《史記·貨殖列傳130》中载有“地潟”；《汉书》中载有“海濒广潟”，现較常見於日语，如新潟。“潟湖”曾一度被写为“泻湖”（如1983年版《现代汉语词典》1276页），但在1996年版《现代汉语词典》中已重新规范为“潟湖”，在该版本《现代汉语词典》1395页的“泻湖”词条中写道：“泻湖，潟湖的旧称[3]。”但仍有很多人把“潟湖”寫成「泻（瀉）湖」。
功能
- 具有防洪的功能：潟湖可宣洩區域排水，因而很少發生水災。
- 保護海岸的功能：由於外有沙洲的阻擋可防止颱風暴潮侵蝕沖刷海岸。
- 是天然的養殖場：潟湖是鱼、虾、貝和螃蟹的孕育場，也是鄰近漁民的天然養殖場。
- 由於潟湖外側往往有沙洲作為防波堤，其內風平浪靜，因此有時可以改建為人工港（如右圖的臺灣高雄港）。
著名潟湖
七股潟湖、台江內海
- 太湖
- 杭州西湖
- 大鵬灣
- 威尼斯潟湖
- 戈佐內海
- 科勒潟湖
- 雅个冬错
- 亚历山德里娜湖
注释
^ 中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典，第6版，商务印书馆，2012年，北京，1401页
^ 「潟」，拼音：xì，注音：ㄒㄧˋ，中古擬音：.mw-parser-output .IPAfont-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visitedtext-decoration:none!important
siek，思積切，音同「细」
^ 1996年版《现代汉语词典》，1354页
參看
外部連結
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