复叶

Multi tool use复叶是在一个叶柄上着生两个以上叶片的叶。整个复叶的叶柄称作总叶柄,复叶的叶片叫做小叶,小叶的叶柄叫做小叶柄,总叶柄着生小叶的部分称作叶轴。从生物进化的观点看,复叶是经由单叶的裂片进化而来的,当单叶的叶裂深入主叶脉或者叶基并产生小叶柄后,单叶就过渡为复叶,因而复叶较单叶更晚出現。
根据形态复叶可以分为三出复叶、掌状复叶、羽状复叶、单身复叶等不同类别。
- 三出复叶是总叶柄上着生三枚小叶的复叶,如果顶生小叶无小叶柄,称掌状三出复叶,若顶生小叶具小叶柄则称羽状三出复叶。
- 掌状复叶的叶轴退化,所有小叶集中着生于总叶柄的顶端,各小叶呈掌状伸展。
- 羽状复叶的叶轴很长,各小叶在叶轴两侧如羽毛状排列着生,若叶轴顶端无小叶,则称偶数羽状复叶;若叶轴顶端有小叶着生,则称奇数羽状复叶。有些植物在总叶柄的叶轴上并不着生小叶,而是伸展出若干次级叶轴,在次级叶轴撒上着生小叶,这种复叶叫做二回羽状复叶;除了二回羽状复叶,还有一些植物有三回羽状复叶。
- 单身复叶是形态最为特殊的复叶,单身复叶在叶轴上只有一个小叶着生,在小叶柄与总叶柄之间有一个明显的关节。单身复叶被认为是由三出复叶两侧的小叶退化而形成的。单身复叶常见于芸香科柑桔属的植物。
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