肝 (臟腑)
Multi tool use在中醫傳統臟象學說中，肝屬五行中的木，其主要功能為「疏泄」與「藏血」。其中疏泄包含了精神情緒、消化，以及與氣、血、水的流通；而藏血則包括了血液的儲藏及調節[1]。除此之外，肝與膽互為表裡，影響膽汁的分泌。
生理
《內經》之後的醫學家在描述肝時，常會將其與情緒，尤其是其中的怒氣連結。舉例而言，《素問‧臟氣法時》寫道：「肝病者，令人善怒。」《素問‧陰陽應象大論》則說：「在志為怒，怒傷肝。」[2]
肝主「藏血」及「疏泄」，是對肝生理作用的常見敘述，而此時所說的血也與精神活動有關，例如《靈樞‧平人絕穀》所說的「血脈和利，精神乃居。」[2]肝主疏泄是朱丹溪所提出的想法，他在《格致餘論‧陽有餘陰不足論》中寫道：「主閉藏者腎也，司疏泄者肝也，二藏皆有相火，而其系上屬於心。[2]」
病理
與肝相關的症狀包括了肝鬱、肝火與肝風等。肝鬱是指因為情緒的變化而產生的身體不適。例如胸悶或是月經不順。肝火則是指人在生氣的時候，所產生出來的臉紅、口亁或是頭痛等症狀，又稱為「肝氣盛」。
肝風有兩種意義，一種是指使身體抖動的病症，也就是「肝風內動」，造成這種抖動的原因並不一定，有些可能源自肝火[2]。而另一個意思是指肝受风邪影響而產生的疾病[3]。
參考文獻
^ 陳健仲。《中醫和西醫不同觀點下肝的生理功能》。中國醫藥研究叢刊，1999年，第二十期，31-33頁。
^ 2.02.12.22.3 田安然。《論中醫的肝臟與西醫肝臟的不同》。中國醫藥研究叢刊，2002年，第廿三期，94-97頁。
^ 医源资料库 > 中医词典
外部連結
臟腑
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| | 五臟 |
肝木 · （心火 · 心包絡） · 脾土 · 肺金 · 腎水
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| | 六腑 |
膽 · 小腸 · 三焦 · 胃 · 大腸 · 膀胱
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| | 奇恆之腑 |
腦 · 髓 · 骨 · 脈 · 膽 · 女子胞
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| | 其它相關 |
子午流注 · 昼夜节律 · 血液循環共振理論 · 经络 · 祝由十三科
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| 中医诊断学 |
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