非對稱作戰


非對稱作戰（Asymmetric warfare）是一種軍事術語，指軍力弱者對上強者的戰爭中如何取勝或達成戰鬥目標的學問。



概要


1997年美國国防部《四年防务审查报告》中提到的“美国在常规的武器竞争中的优势促使对手使用诸如不对称的方式来攻击美国”首次公開在官方文件使用非對稱作戰概念。


通常非對稱型態包含以下的一種至數種：


  • 作战力量的非对称 - 一方軍力數量和素質的強弱明顯占優。

  • 作战时间的非对称 - 一方有較大快速結束戰爭的壓力。

  • 作战空间的非对称 - 一方有較多軍隊活動空間。

  • 技术水平的非对称 - 一方科技武器能力、偵查能力較強。

  • 作战手段的非对称 - 一方較需顧及戰爭手段。

  • 战术战法的非对称 - 一方能使用某些戰術而對方則無法。[1]

在非對稱作戰情境下，雙方都可能在各種項目上有其優劣，時而扮演強者；時而扮演弱者，例如美軍對上蓋達組織的戰爭，在作战力量、技术水平上美軍可能是強方非對稱，然而时间、空間、手段上卻可能是弱方非對稱。雙方都想使用自己的強勢處去抵消對方的強勢處，從而取得勝利。



参考文献




  1. ^ 當代解放軍兵法研究 2004,高文述 p22



參看


  • 越戰

  • 國共內戰


  • 游擊戰 / 低強度戰爭

  • 超限戰

  • 毛澤東十大軍事原則


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