慕容沖

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燕威帝 |
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概要 |
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姓名 | 慕容冲 |
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庙号 | 高宗
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谥号 | 威 |
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政权 | 西燕
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在世 | 359年-386年 |
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在位 | 385年-386年 |
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年号 | 更始:385年-386年 |
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燕威帝慕容沖(359年-386年),小字鳳皇,十六國時期西燕國君主,鮮卑人,前燕帝慕容儁之子,慕容暐之弟,母親是皇后可足渾氏。前燕時期慕容儁在位時曾被封為中山王、大司馬。
亡国生活
370年,前燕為前秦所滅後,包括慕容沖及其兄慕容泓在內的眾多鮮卑慕容部人被遷往關中。慕容沖年仅12,因貌美被前秦天王苻堅占作孌童,與其姐清河公主皆受寵幸,長安因而有歌謠:「一雌復一雄,雙飛入紫宮。」經過王猛勸諫,慕容沖才被送出宮。此后慕容冲的母亲可足浑太后去世,以燕国皇后的礼仪埋葬。
称帝
前秦建元十九年(383年),前秦於淝水之戰大敗,對境內各族的控制力減弱。建元二十年(384年)慕容沖之叔慕容垂於河北叛變,慕容泓亦於關中舉兵稱濟北王,因此時任平陽太守的慕容沖也在河東起兵,其後並歸慕容泓,一同西進長安。不久,謀臣高蓋等人認為慕容泓德望不如慕容沖,且用法苛刻嚴峻,於是殺慕容泓,改立慕容沖為皇太弟。385年,慕容沖即皇帝位於阿房宮,改元更始,之後經過一番慘烈的攻防後占領長安。慕容沖貪圖入據長安的安逸,又因為畏懼慕容垂的強大,不敢東回鮮卑人的故地,因而軍心思變。
被杀
更始二年(386年),慕容冲為左將軍韓延所殺,變軍擁立將軍段隨為燕王。慕容沖後來被追諡為威皇帝。
子女
子 慕容瑶
前任: 兄慕容泓
| 西燕君主 384年-386年
| 繼任: 段隨
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五胡十六国君主
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| 详见:五胡十六国君主列表
| | 成汉 | 李特* → 李流* → 李雄 → 李班 → 李期 → 李寿 → 李势 → 范贲#
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| 汉赵 | 劉淵 → 刘和# → 刘聪 → 刘粲 → 靳準# → 刘曜
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| 后赵 | 石勒 → 石弘 → 石虎 → 石世 → 石遵 → 石鉴 → 石祗# → 刘显#
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| 前凉 | 張軌 → 张寔 → 张茂 → 张骏 → 张重华 → 張曜靈 → 张祚 → 张玄靓 → 張天錫
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| 前秦 | 苻洪* → 苻健 → 苻生 → 苻雄* → 苻坚 → 苻丕 → 苻登 → 苻崇# → 窦冲#
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| 后凉 | 呂光 → 呂紹# → 呂纂 → 呂寶* → 呂隆
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| 前燕 | 慕容廆* → 慕容皝 → 慕容儁 → 慕容暐
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| 后燕 | 慕容垂 → 慕容宝 → 慕容詳# → 慕容麟# → 兰汗# → 慕容盛 → 慕容熙 → 慕容云
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| 南燕 | 慕容德 → 慕容超
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| 北燕 | 高云 → 馮跋 → 馮弘
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| 西凉 | 李暠 → 李歆 → 李恂
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| 后秦 | 姚弋仲* → 姚襄* → 姚苌 → 姚兴 → 姚泓
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| 西秦 | 乞伏国仁 → 乞伏乾歸 → 乞伏熾磐 → 乞伏暮末
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| 南凉 | 禿髮烏孤 → 禿髮利鹿孤 → 禿髮傉檀
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| 北凉 | 段業 → 沮渠蒙遜 → 沮渠牧犍 → 沮渠無諱# → 沮渠安周#
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| 夏國 | 赫连勃勃 → 赫連昌 → 赫連定
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| 西燕 | 慕容泓 → 慕容沖 → 段隨 → 慕容顗 → 慕容瑤 → 慕容忠 → 慕容永
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| 冉魏 | 冉闵 |
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| 翟魏 | 翟遼 → 翟釗
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| 譙蜀 | 譙縱 |
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| 注:带*号者为追尊,未实际统治;带#号者即位时不被广泛承认。 | | 三皇五帝 → 夏 → 商 → 周 → 秦 → 汉 → 三国 → 晋 / 十六国 → 南朝 / 元魏 – 北齐 – 北周 → 隋 → 唐 → 五代 – 十國 → 宋 / 西夏 / 辽 / 金 → 元 → 明 → 清 → 民国 / 共和国
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