元音圓唇度
Multi tool use
本條目介紹的是元音的圓唇化。關於輔音的圓唇化，請見“
唇化作用”。
國際音標圖表－元音
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前
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次前
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央
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次後
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後
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閉
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•.mw-parser-output .IPAfont-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visitedtext-decoration:none!important
i
y
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ɨ
ʉ
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ɯ
u
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ɪ
ʏ
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ɪ̈
ʊ̈
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ɯ̽
ʊ
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e
ø
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ɘ
ɵ
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ɤ
o
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e̞
ø̞
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ə
ɵ̞
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ɤ̞
o̞
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ɛ
œ
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ɜ
ɞ
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ʌ
ɔ
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æ
•
ɐ
ɞ̞
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a
ɶ
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ä
ɒ̈
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ɑ
ɒ
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次閉
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半閉
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中
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半開
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次開
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開
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當符號成對出現時，右邊的代表圓唇元音
本頁使用的國際音標符號在一些瀏覽器裡可能無法正常顯示。[幫助]
| | 查看圖表 | | 参见：国际音标 · 辅音
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元音圓唇度（英語：Roundedness）指的是在發出一個元音時，嘴唇圓化的程度，可以視為是元音的圓唇化（英語：labialization）。
圓唇音的類型
圓唇度可以分為兩種：突出（protrusion ）或不突出（compression）[1][2][3]。
當一個圓唇元音發音時，嘴唇會形成一個圓形的開口，使嘴巴內側的表面露出，而不圓唇元音發音時，嘴巴四周向後聚集，嘴唇亦向後壓縮，僅露出嘴唇的外部表面。
在大多數語言中，前元音通常不圓唇，而後元音往往是圓唇的。[4]然而，一些語言，如法語和德語，區分同一高度的圓唇與不圓唇的前元音，越南語區分相同高度圓唇與不圓唇的後元音。 阿列卡諾語則只有不圓唇的元音。
在IPA中，並沒有任何直接的變音符號，但IPA的上標字母〈◌ᵝ〉可用來表示不圓唇，[5] 而〈◌ʷ〉、〈◌ᶣ〉或〈◌̫〉表示圓唇。事實上，不圓唇音可能將嘴巴四周向後收縮，而定義上是圓唇音；或是嘴四周伸展而定義上是不圓唇。這樣的情況可以用〈ɨᵝ ɯᵝ〉和〈ʉᵝ uᵝ〉區別。
另外，變音符號U+0339“ ̹”.mw-parser-output .smallcapsfont-variant:small-caps.mw-parser-output .nocapstext-transform:lowercase（COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW）和U+031C“ ̜”（COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW）則分別用來表示較大和較小程度的圓唇化。
在國際音標元音圖中，圓形元音是每對元音中右側出現的元音。
圓唇元音列表
閉後壓縮元音
[ɯᵝ] 或
[uᵝ] （用於日語和西班牙語等）
次閉次後扁平元音
[ʊᵝ] （用於瑞典語等）
閉央扁平元音
[ÿ] （用於挪威語）
中央圓唇元音
[ɵ̞] （用於瑞典語）
閉前圓唇元音
[y]
中前扁平元音
[ø]
閉前圓唇元音
[y̫] （用於瑞典語）
次閉次前圓唇元音
[ʏ̫] （用於瑞典語）
半閉前圓唇元音
[ø̫] （用於瑞典語）
半開前圓唇元音
[œ̫] （用於瑞典語）
閉央圓唇元音
[ʉ]
半閉央圓唇元音
[ɵ]
閉後圓唇元音
[u] （普遍）
中後突出元音
[o]（普遍）
参考文献
引用
^ Protrusion is also called endolabial, lip-pouting, horizontal lip-rounding, outrounding, or inner rounding （Trask 1996，p.180）.
^ Compression is also called exolabial, pursed, vertical lip-rounding, inrounding, or outer rounding （Trask 1996，p.252）.
^ Henry Sweet noted in 1890 that "the term 'inner rounding' derives from the use of the inner surfaces of the lips; the synonymous 'outrounding' derives from the forward projection of the lips. Both terms are justifiable, but their coexistence is likely to lead to serious confusion." （Trask 1996，p.180）
^ Sweet (1877) noted that they are less distinctive from unrounded vowels than their counterparts.
^ E.g. 〈
ɨᵝ〉 in Flemming (2002:83).
来源
Deibler, Ellis, Alekano Organised Phonology Data, 1992
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本條目介紹的是元音的圓唇化。關於輔音的圓唇化，請見“唇化作用”。
