葫芦科

Multi tool use葫芦科
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油渣果,雄花
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科学分类 
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界: | 植物界 Plantae
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演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms
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演化支: | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
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演化支: | 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
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目: | 葫芦目 Cucurbitales
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科: | 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae Juss., 1789
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模式属
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南瓜属 Cucurbita L., 1753
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族
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合子草族 Actinostemmateae
冬瓜族 Benincaseae
泻根族 Bryonieae
- Coniandreae
南瓜族 Cucurbiteae
棒瓜族 Gomphogyneae
藏瓜族 Indofevilleeae
凹槽南瓜族 Joliffieae
苦瓜族 Momordiceae
裂瓜族 Schizopeponeae
刺瓜藤族 Sicyoeae
罗汉果族 Siraitieae
赤瓟族 Thladiantheae
- Triceratieae
翅子瓜族 Zanonieae
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葫芦科(学名:Cucurbitaceae)是真双子叶植物葫芦目的一科,其中包括黄瓜、南瓜、丝瓜、西瓜等常见的蔬菜和瓜果。葫芦科是世界上最重要的食用植物科之一,其重要性仅次于禾本科、豆科和茄科。
大多数葫芦科的植物是一年生的爬藤植物,常有螺旋状卷须,叶互生,形大,它们的花比较大,比较鲜艳。同一植物上有雄性和雌性的花,雌性的花为子房下位花。果实实际上是浆果的一种,稱為瓠果或瓜果。
大多数葫芦科植物会受到南瓜藤透翅蛾(Melittia cucurbitae)的幼虫危害。
分布
葫芦科广泛分布在全球热带和亚热带地区,但被引种到世界各地栽培。中国原产20属约130种,引种栽培的有7属约30种。
分类
葫芦科共有约118个属、825个种,以下分类參照1990年查尔斯·杰弗瑞(Charles Jeffrey)的著作:
- 翅子瓜亚科
- 翅子瓜族
Fevilleinae亚族:Fevillea属
- 翅子瓜亚族:Alsomitra属、翅子瓜属、Siolmatra属、Gerrardanthus属、Zygosicyos属、碧雷鼓属、棒锤瓜属
- 锥形果亚族:雪胆属、锥形果属、绞股蓝属
- 合子草亚族:合子草属、假贝母属
Sicydiinae亚族:Sicydium属、Chalema属、Pteropepon属、Pseudosicydium属、Cyclantheropsis属
- 葫芦亚科
马㼎儿族
Dendrosicyinae亚族:Kedrostis属、Dendrosicyos属、Corallocarpus属、Ibervillea属、Tumamoca属、Halosicyos属、Ceratosanthes属、Doyerea属、Trochomeriopsis属、Seyrigia属、Dieterlea属、Cucurbitella属、Apodanthera属、Guraniopsis属、Melothrianthus属、Wilbrandia属
Guraniinae亚族:Helmontia属、Psiguria属、Gurania属
- 葫芦亚族:Melancium属、Cucumeropsis属、Posadaea属、马交儿属、Muellarargia、老鼠拉冬瓜属、Cucumella属、甜瓜属、Oreosyce属、Myrmecosicyos属、红钮子属、Dicoelospermum属
Trochomeriinae亚族:茅瓜属、Trochomeria属、Dactyliandra属、Ctenolepsis属
- 裂瓜族:裂瓜属
Joliffieae族
- 赤瓟亚族:藏瓜属、罗汉果属、赤瓟属、苦瓜属
Telfairiinae亚族:Telfaria属
Trichosantheae族
- 油渣果亚族:油渣果属
Ampelosicyinae亚族:Ampelosicyos属、Peponium属
- 栝楼亚族:金瓜属、栝楼属、Tricyclandra属
- 波棱瓜亚族:波棱瓜属、Cephalopentandra、三裂瓜属、三棱瓜属
- 冬瓜族
- 冬瓜亚族:冬瓜属、Cogniauxia属、Ruthalicia属、葫芦属、Praecitrullus、西瓜属、Acanthosicyos属、Eureiandra属、Bambekea属、Nothoalsomitra属、红瓜属、毒瓜属、Raphidiocystis属、Lemurosicyos属、Zombitsia属、喷瓜属、泻根属
- 丝瓜亚族:丝瓜属
- 南瓜族:南瓜属、Sicana属、Tecunumania属、Calycophysum属、Peponopsis属、Anacaona属、Polyclathra属、Schizocarpum属、Penelopeia属、Cionosicyos属、Cayaponia属、Selysia属、Abobra属
Sicyeae族
- 辣子瓜亚族:Hanburia属、Echinopepon属、Marah属、Echinocystis属、Vaseyanthus属、Brandegea属、Apatzingania属、Cremastopus属、Elateriopsis属、Pseudocyclanthera属、辣子瓜属、Rytidostylis属
- 棘瓜亚族:棘瓜属、Sicyosperma属、Parasicyos属、Microsechium属、佛手瓜属、Sechiopsis属、Pterosicyos属
- 不确定:Odosicyos属
参考:Watson and Dallwitz(2002年9月3日)
外部链接
- 南京大学植物资源网葫芦科
- 植物学网络课程
- 中国作物种质信息网
葫蘆科 Cucurbitaceae 藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) (中文)(英文)
规范控制 | - GND: 4238273-7
- NDL: 00574048
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主要作物
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| 禾本科 | 稻米· 小麥· 玉米· 燕麦· 大麦· 黑麦· 高粱· 小米· 甘蔗· 竹筍
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| 豆科 | 大豆(黄豆) · 蚕豆· 绿豆· 豌豆· 紅豆 · 菜豆· 刀豆
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| 茄科 | 马铃薯· 茄子· 番茄· 辣椒· 烟草· 枸杞
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| 葫芦科 | 黄瓜· 南瓜· 丝瓜· 西瓜· 冬瓜· 葫芦
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| 十字花科 | 白菜· 萝卜· 油菜· 荠菜· 花椰菜· 卷心菜
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