高射炮





















Disambig gray.svg  本文介紹的是軍事用的火炮。關於此名稱的其他用法，請見「高射炮 (消歧義)」。



中華人民共和國10周年國慶大閱兵的高射炮方隊





95式25毫米自行高射炮




QF 3.7高射砲




二戰時期設於船上的防空陣地


高射炮又稱防空炮，指用以從地面向空中目標射擊的火炮，高射砲的特徵是炮管長、射擊準確、射速高、通常可360度迴轉，主要對付空中目標，口徑一般不超過128毫米。




目录





  • 1 簡介


  • 2 目前較普遍的現役高射炮


  • 3 参见


  • 4 参考文献


  • 5 外部連結




簡介


在飛彈尚未誕生前，高射砲成為陸上軍事力量對抗空權的少數手段。高射砲主要分成小口徑及大口徑兩種類：小口徑高射炮以高射速且大量的子彈製造火網採直接命中的方式毁傷目標，因此有部分型號採多管聯裝的方式在射速不變的情況下製造更大規模的彈藥投射能力；大口徑的採用定時引信或近炸引信引爆炮彈製造殺傷圈殺傷目標，實戰時則混合搭配組合成高射火網對抗空中目標。


因為飛機不斷的大型與高速化，高射砲也因應敵人演進而不斷大型化；但是大型化的高射砲最後因為防空飛彈的出現而式微。但飛彈有射擊死角，所以中小口徑的高射砲仍存一席之地而不斷改良，高射速且長炮管的火炮同時也具有相應貫穿力，因摩托化裝甲運兵車的普及化使得中小口徑高砲同時充當反陸上目標的任務；


在20世紀後半葉，口徑40公釐以上的高射炮基本上已自陸地正規武力中絕跡，只剩部分後備及岸防單位繼續操作；海軍艦艇仍然普遍裝設口徑3英吋到5英吋（76公釐－128公釐）的多用途艦砲，這些艦砲除具備高射炮的機能外，同時承擔了也俱備多任務（反飛彈、反軟性與薄裝甲目標）之特質。



目前較普遍的現役高射炮


  • 德國獵豹式防空坦克

  • 美國M42防空砲車

  • 中國95式25毫米自行高射炮

  • 日本87式自走高射炮

  • 瑞典波佛斯40公釐高射砲：二戰在同盟國軍最普及的中口徑防空武器，經改良後目前仍在服役。

  • 瑞士歐瑞康GDF 35毫米雙管防空炮

  • 俄羅斯ZSU-23-4自行高炮：蘇聯於冷戰時期開發的自走防空炮，曾於贖罪日戰爭带給以色列空軍慘重損失，為蘇聯賣盟友的代表性防空武器。

  • 俄羅斯ZSU-57-2防空砲車


参见


  • 火炮

  • 加農炮

  • 探照灯

  • 面對空飛彈


参考文献


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  • AAP-6 NATO Glossary of Terms. 2009.

  • Bellamy, Chris. 1986. "The Red God of War – Soviet Artillery and Rocket Forces". London: Brassey's

  • Bethel, Colonel HA. 1911. "Modern Artillery in the Field". London: Macmillan and Co Ltd

  • Checkland, Peter and Holwell, Sue. 1998. "Information, Systems and Information Systems – making sense of the field". Chichester: Wiley

  • Hogg, Ian V. 1998. "Allied Artillery of World War Two". Malborough: The Crowood Press ISBN 1-86126-165-9



外部連結





维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：高射炮
  • 1914 1918 war in Alsace - The Battle of Linge 1915 - The 63rd Anti Aircraft Regiment in 14 18 - The 96th poste semi-fixed in the Vosges


  • Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air Defense by Kenneth P. Werrell (book available for download)

  • Japanese Antiaircraft land/vessel doctrines in 1943–44



规范控制

  • AAT: 300036947

  • BNF: cb119708088 (data)

  • GND: 4231014-3

  • NARA: 10639349


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