传播

Multi tool use传播(Communication,来源于拉丁语中的commūnicāre, 意为"分享"[1])是人们通过符号、訊号,传递、接收与反馈訊號的活动;是人们彼此交换意见、思想、情感,以达到相互了解和影响的过程;世界处处充满了传播现象,生命每时每刻都在进行传播活动。
传播的不同定义
- 通常认为传播就是信息的传递,是信息流动的过程。
- 美国学者戈德认为传播是“变独有为共有的过程”。[2]
- 美国传播学者伯格纳将传播定义为“通过讯息进行的社会的相互作用。[3]
- 美国学者贝雷尔森和塞纳认为“传播就是运用词语、画片、数字、图标等符号来传递信息、思想、感情、技术的行为和过程”。[4]
- 美国心理学家卡尔·霍夫兰总结说“传播就是某个人传递刺激以影响另一些人行为的过程”。[5]
- 郭庆光定义传播是社会資訊的流动和社会資訊系统的运行。[6]
传播的分类
一般可分为两大类:“人类传播”与“非人类传播”。“非人类传播”包括了除人类以外的一切事物的传播。例如自然的传播,动物的传播,机器的传播,微宇宙(原子、质子、电子等)的传播等。
传播的方式可分为“单向传递”与“双向传递”与“多向传递”。单向、双向、多向之间也可以再传递。传播活动不一定要有反馈,单向传递中不存在反馈,大部分的单向传递是信息的获得,而无反馈,这也是一种传播。
类型分为人内传播[7],人际传播,组织传播,群体传播,大众传播,以及国际传播和全球传播。
参考文献
^ Harper, Douglas. communication. Online Etymology Dictionary. [2013-06-23].
^ 胡正荣:《传播学概论》,高等教育出版社,2017年,p20
^ 胡正荣:《传播学概论》,高等教育出版社,2017年,p20
^ 胡正荣:《传播学概论》,高等教育出版社,2017年,p21
^ 胡正荣:《传播学概论》,高等教育出版社,2017年,p21
^ 郭庆光:《传播学教程》,中国人民大学出版社,1999年
^ 亦称:内向传播、自身传播、自我传播,参见 胡正荣:《传播学概论》,高等教育出版社,2017年,p59
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