赵衰

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赵衰 |
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姓 | 嬴姓
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氏 | 赵氏
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名 | 衰 |
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字 | 子餘 |
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别名 | 趙成子 |
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谥号 | 成季 |
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时代 | 春秋时期 |
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国家 | 晋国
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身份 | 晋国趙氏家主 |
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官位 | 晉國中軍佐 |
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逝世日期 | 公元前622年 |
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父 | 趙共孟 |
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正妻 | 叔隗(嗇咎如族女) 趙姫(晉文公之女) |
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子女 | 赵盾、趙同、趙括、趙嬰齊
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趙衰(?-前622年),或称赵裒,即趙成子,字子馀,亦稱成季,孟子馀,春秋時期的晉國晉文公大夫。
家庭
造父的後代,他的祖父趙夙為晉献公將軍,替晉獻公征討霍國。父親趙共孟。[1][2][3]
晉文公把他女兒趙姬給了趙衰為妻[4][5][6],生了趙同、趙括(并非“紙上談兵”的趙括)、趙嬰齊三個兒子。[7]
生平
趙衰爲了侍奉還是不侍奉獻公的幾位公子進行了一課占卜,結果都不吉利。占卜到侍奉公子重耳時,結果吉利,他就去侍奉重耳。重耳由於驪姬之亂逃亡到在狄的翟,趙衰做隨從。翟人討伐廧咎如,得到兩個女子。翟君把年少的女子季隗給重耳為妻,年長的女子叔隗給趙衰為妻,生了趙盾。趙衰跟隨重耳在外逃亡,共計十九年,才得以返回晉國。晉文公所以能返回並且成爲霸主,大多是趙衰的計策。在逃亡到秦時,趙衰在席間吟了《黍苗》詩,讓秦穆公知道公子重耳想儘快回晉國。重耳回到晉國當上國君後,是為晉文公,趙衰做原大夫,住在原城,主持國家政事。
晉文公即位後趙衰仍在出謀獻策。文公即位第二年(公元前635年)的春天,周襄王因弟弟王子帶發難逃到鄭國居住,於是來向晉國告急。晉國剛剛安定,想派軍隊去,又擔心國內發生動亂,當時秦國軍隊駐扎在黃河邊,將要護送周王回京。趙衰便對文公說:“要想成爲霸主,不如護送周王回京、尊敬周王。周、晉是同一個姓,晉國不搶先護送周王回京,而落在秦國後邊,就無法在天下發號施令。今日尊敬周王就是晉稱霸的資本。”三月甲辰日,晉國就派兵到了陽樊,包圍了溫,護送周襄王到了周都。四月,晉殺死了襄王的弟弟王子帶。周襄王把河內、陽樊地賜給了晉國。
趙衰回到晉國以後,在晉國的原配妻子堅決要求把他在狄娶的妻子(叔隗)迎接回來,並且讓狄妻的兒子(趙盾)做正宗繼承人,而讓自己的三個兒子居下位侍奉他[8]。晉襄公六年(公元前622年),趙衰去世,他的諡號是成季。趙衰的兒子趙盾便繼承父親當上了晉國的重臣。
注釋
^ 世本
^ 古史考
^ 春秋左傳正義/卷11
^ 《左傳·僖公二十四年》:「文公妻趙衰,生原同、屏括、樓嬰。」,s:春秋左傳正義/卷15
^ 列女傳/卷2
^ 列女傳/卷2
^ 史記/卷043
^ 《左傳·僖公二十四年》:「趙姬請逆盾與其母,子余辭。姬曰:「得寵而忘舊,何以使人?必逆之!」固請,許之,來,以盾為才,固請於公以為嫡子,而使其三子下之,以叔隗為內子而己下之。」
前任: 趙夙
| 晉國赵氏家主 公元前636年—公元前622年
| 繼任: 趙盾
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赵国君主
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| 世系 | | 赵氏宗主 | 叔帶 → □ → □ → □ → □ → 趙夙 → 赵成子赵衰 → 赵宣子赵盾 → 赵括 → 赵文子赵武 → 赵景叔赵成 → 赵简子赵鞅 → 赵襄子赵毋恤 → 赵桓子赵嘉 → 趙獻子 → 趙烈侯
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| 赵国君主 | 趙烈侯 → 赵武侯 → 趙敬侯 → 趙成侯 → 赵肃侯 → 赵武灵王 → 趙惠文王 → 趙孝成王 → 趙悼襄王 → 趙幽繆王 → 代王嘉
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| 周 → 秦 | 吴 | 姜齐 → 田齐 | 鲁 | 燕 | 蔡 | 曹 | 陈 | 杞 | 卫 | 宋 | 晋 → 赵 / 魏 / 韩 | 楚 | 越 | 郑 | 滕 | 許 | 薛 | 邾 | 莒
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