酆都大帝

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道教

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酆都大帝，簡稱酆帝，尊稱為酆都爺，是酆都的主宰神，為東嶽大帝的副手，道教認為他主宰十殿閻君，也是地府的統治者。酆都大帝可保佑生人吉利，維護死者安寧。下有五方鬼帝、七十二司為屬神（一說七十五司），探查人間、陰間善惡，評定禍福。在道教的超渡法會上，常會擺設其神像。從神為平都神丹真君陰長生、西城宗道真君王方平。




目录





  • 1 簡介


  • 2 註解


  • 3 參考資料


  • 4 參見




簡介


東嶽大帝與酆都大帝神職幾乎重疊。古時認為，泰山上通天庭，故天子封禪所在。下有地府，故普通人死後亡魂會歸於泰山之下，泰山神東嶽大帝為冥界主宰。東嶽大帝信仰源於泰山神信仰，較為早出。


後來又認為酆都為冥界入口，則酆都之神酆都大帝也被奉為是冥界主宰，但兩者職能、屬性、部屬及管轄範圍幾乎一模一樣，故民間常常視為同一神，或者雖為不同神，但為雙頭政治。經過了長時間的演變，在嚴謹的神像造型要求上，東嶽大帝多為白面美髯的鳳眼文官造型，酆都大帝則為黑面虯髯的瞠目怒眉相貌。位階職掌上，東嶽大帝掌管所有幽冥事務，酆都大帝只是輔助的角色，因此東嶽大帝還是較為高階的總負責人[1]，
酆都與東嶽信仰是兩套信仰，今日一般認為由東嶽大帝（嶽帝）主管一切幽冥事務，又有酆都大帝為其掌管酆都，而十殿閻君則是下屬，在幽冥地府的十殿中各司其職。酆都大帝輔佐東嶽大帝執掌地府，類似雙首長制，東嶽大帝可比為國家元首，酆都大帝是政府閣揆；或者將之比喻現今的中纪委和最高人民检察院。


其實，早在南朝，道教大師陶弘景撰《真靈位業圖》，在神階第七中位排有“酆都北陰大帝”，所謂「酆都」是指「北方羅酆山」，注云：「炎帝大庭氏諱慶甲，為天下鬼神之宗，治羅酆山，三千年一更替。」陶弘景《真誥》表示：北方癸地有羅酆山，上有六天宮，稱為「六天」。六天名稱依次為：一天「紂絕陰天宮」、二天「泰煞驚事宗天宮」、三天「明晨耐犯武城天宮」、四天「恬昭罪氣天宮」、五天「宗靈七非天宮」、六天「敢司連宛屢天宮」。如果是普通人死後都要先到第一天，生前有道德者直接前往第三天。相傳神仙「平都神丹真君」陰長生、「西城宗道真君」王方平在酆都山得道，以其姓氏，樹立「陰王」大纛，後人誤將「陰王」作「陰間之王」解釋，從此民間認為四川酆都是諸鬼之城。而酆都北陰大帝的居所，也由「北方羅酆山」傳為「四川酆都山」，而酆都大帝也時常配祀陰長生、王方平二真君，也因為相傳寇準、范仲淹死後到酆都治事，不少信徒將酆都大帝配祀寇相公、范相公。


由於佛教的興盛，民眾認為地藏菩薩進入地府救度一切受苦眾生，故稱幽冥教主。東嶽大帝與酆都大帝、十殿閻君等神都對地藏菩薩善加護持。



註解




  1. ^ 【鬼的歷史】讓我們來下地獄之一：有眼不識泰山



參考資料


  • 《真靈位業圖》

  • 《真誥》


參見


  • 酆都

  • 泰山

  • 東嶽廟

  • 東嶽大帝

  • 地藏菩薩


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