氧化

Multi tool use
铁和空气中的氧、水分子反应之后,将氧化生成水合氧化鐵 (III),又称为生锈。图为生锈的铁丝网
氧化又被称为氧化作用、氧化反应。是还原剂(被氧化物)与氧化剂(被还原物)之间的氧化数升降。
还原剂可藉由獲得氧,失去氫離子,或者失去電子的過程,使得氧化數上升。
而氧化剂可通過失去氧,獲得氫離子,或者得到電子的過程,使得氧化数下降。
一般物质与氧气发生氧化时放热,个别可能吸热,如氮气与氧气的反应。电化学中阳极发生氧化,阴极发生还原。
化工应用
“氧化”不僅是一种重要的化工单元过程,更影響大眾的日常生活。在化学工业生产中佔有非常重要的地位,用于许多化合物的制备:
硫化铁氧化成二氧化硫,再将二氧化硫氧化成三氧化硫,以制备硫酸;
氮氧化成一氧化氮(以鉑作為催化劑),再将一氧化氮氧化成二氧化氮以制备硝酸;
磷氧化成五氧化二磷制备磷酸;
乙烯氧化生成环氧乙烷;
甲醇氧化被夺去氢生成甲醛;
氯化氢氧化被夺去氢生成氯气和水。
參見
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