虎賁

Multi tool use虎贲,又称虎贲郎,是中国古代君王的禁卫兵的一种,创立于西汉,其势称虎贲军,一般由虎賁中郎將统领,主要负责护送保卫君王等。
沿革
早期泛指
據《周禮》記載:「有虎賁氏,掌領虎士八百人,軍旅會同,君宿於外,則守王閑。」,先秦至汉初“虎贲”一词泛指精锐武士,其中“贲”通义“奔”,意指其有如老虎的奔走。据传王莽輔政時,以古有勇士孟賁,所以改奔為賁。汉武帝建置北军校尉时,其中之一为虎贲校尉,主要掌管战车部队,同样是用虎贲勇猛迅速之意,但是这仍不同于后来确立的虎贲军的概念。
建置确立
建元三年(前138年),汉武帝微服出巡期间,诏陇西北地良家子能骑射者“期诸殿门”,始开始設置期門。[1]当时期门並沒有特定編制人員,最多可至千人,以期门仆射领,秩比千石。西汉末年,漢平帝元始年间,乃将期门更名為虎賁郎,並設置虎賁中郎將为統領,秩比二千石,建制与地位都得到了确立。东汉初年,期门之称曾再次出现,不过很快又被虎贲替代。
漢制,天子有虎賁作為衛兵,而王侯則有名為旅賁的衛兵,而权臣如受“九锡”,其中之一就是虎贲卫士。
凡是虎賁中郎、虎賁侍郎、虎賁郎中、節從虎賁者,都是父死子繼。如果其父是因君王而死者,或是功臣賢人之子,亦可為虎賁郎,得以貼身宿衛君王,類似一種家族榮譽。唐朝之後廢除。
參考文献
引用
来源
蔡质《漢儀》:「虎賁千五百人,戴鶡尾,屬虎賁中郎將。」又云:「舊選羽林為旄頭,被髮先。 」
- 《通典》職官志
参见
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