公正

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關於与「
公正」名称相近或相同的条目,請見「
公正乡」。
提示:本条目的主题不是
公平正義。
公正指对于同一事件对于所有的人平等对待。公正包括程序公正和社会公正。
程序公正追求规则对于所有人和机构的平等,追求起点的平等。社会公正追求结果的平等,不问人们的起点、运气和努力。
现代社会以程序公正为基础,也兼顾社会的公正。
因为社会公正关系人们的利他主义的良心。但如果社会过分追求社会的公正,会动摇程序公正,也会影响自由,还会削弱社会的竞争,也由于社会完全承担对于弱者的救助减弱个人对于弱者的关注。
叔本华提出过一个衡量不道德行为的公正程度的计算方式:
- 行为的不公正程度=此行为对他人造成的损害/由此行为获得的好处
- 公正程度=损害别人获得的好处/他人所承受的损害。
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