This is a list of woods, in particular those most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.

Softwoods (coniferous)[edit]

• 
  Araucaria
  
  • 
    Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
  
  
  • 
    Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana
    
  
  
  • 
    Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia)
  
  


• 
  Cedar (Cedrus)


• 
  Celery-top pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)


• 
  Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
  
  • 
    Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
  
  
  • 
    Bald cypress, southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
  
  
  • 
    Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)
  
  
  • 
    Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
  
  
  • 
    Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
  
  
  • 
    Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
  
  


• 
  Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
  
  • 
    Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
  
  
  • 
    Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
  
  


• 
  European yew (Taxus baccata)


• 
  Fir (Abies)
  
  • 
    Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
  
  
  • 
    Silver fir (Abies alba)
  
  
  • 
    Noble fir (Abies procera)
  
  
  • 
    Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
  
  


• 
  Hemlock (Tsuga)
  
  • 
    Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
  
  
  • 
    Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
  
  
  • 
    Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
  
  


• 
  Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)


• 
  Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)


• 
  Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)


• 
  Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)


• 
  Larch (Larix)
  
  • 
    European larch (Larix decidua)
  
  
  • 
    Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
  
  
  • 
    Tamarack (Larix laricina)
  
  
  • 
    Western larch (Larix occidentalis)
  
  


• 
  Pine (Pinus)
  
  • 
    European black pine (Pinus nigra)
  
  
  • 
    Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
  
  
  • 
    Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
  
  
  • 
    Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
  
  
  • 
    Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
  
  
  • 
    Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
  
  
  • 
    Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris)
  
  
  • 
    White pine
    
    • 
      Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
    
    
    • 
      Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
    
    
    • 
      Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
    
    
  
  
  • 
    Southern yellow pine
    
    • 
      Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
    
    
    • 
      Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
    
    
    • 
      Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
    
    
    • 
      Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
    
    
  
  


• Red cedar
  
  • 
    Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
  
  
  • 
    Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
  
  


• 
  Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)


• 
  Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)


• 
  Spruce (Picea)
  
  • 
    Norway spruce (Picea abies)
  
  
  • 
    Black spruce (Picea mariana)
  
  
  • 
    Red spruce (Picea rubens)
  
  
  • 
    Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
  
  
  • 
    White spruce (Picea glauca)
  
  


• 
  Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)


• White cedar
  
  • 
    Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
  
  
  • 
    Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
  
  


• 
  Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)

Hardwoods (angiosperms)[edit]

• 
  Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)


• 
  Acacia (Acacia sp.)


• 
  African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)


• 
  Afzelia, doussi (Afzelia africana)


• 
  Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)


• 
  Alder (Alnus)
  
  • 
    Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
  
  
  • 
    Red alder (Alnus rubra)
  
  


• 
  American boi (Castanea dentata)


• 
  Ash (Fraxinus)
  
  • 
    Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
  
  
  • 
    Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
  
  
  • 
    Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
  
  
  • 
    Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
  
  
  • 
    Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)^[1]
  
  
  • 
    Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda) ^[1]
  
  
  • 
    White ash (Fraxinus americana)
  
  


• 
  Aspen (Populus)
  
  • 
    Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
  
  
  • 
    European aspen (Populus tremula)
  
  
  • 
    Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
  
  


• 
  Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)


• 
  Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)^[2]


• 
  Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)


• 
  Basswood, linden
  
  • 
    American basswood (Tilia americana)^[1]
  
  
  • 
    White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)^[1]
  
  
  • 
    American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
  
  


• 
  Birch (Betula)
  
  • American birches
    
    • 
      Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
    
    
    • 
      Black birch (Betula nigra)
    
    
    • 
      Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
    
    
    • 
      Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
    
    
    • 
      Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
    
    
  
  
  • European birches
    
    • 
      Silver birch (Betula pendula)
    
    
    • 
      Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
    
    
  
  


• 
  Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)


• 
  Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)


• Blackwood
  
  • 
    Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
  
  
  • 
    African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
  
  


• Bloodwood (Brosimum rubescens)^[3]


• 
  Boxelder (Acer negundo)


• 
  Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)


• 
  Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)


• 
  Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)


• Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)


• 
  Buckeye (Aesculus)
  
  • 
    Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
  
  
  • 
    Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
  
  
  • 
    Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
  
  


• 
  Butternut (Juglans cinerea)


• 
  California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)


• 
  Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)


• 
  Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)


• 
  Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)


• 
  Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)


• 
  Cherry (Prunus)
  
  • 
    Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
  
  
  • 
    Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
  
  
  • 
    Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
  
  


• 
  Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)


• 
  Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)


• 
  Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)


• 
  Cottonwood
  
  • 
    Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
  
  
  • 
    Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
  
  
  • 
    Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
  
  


• 
  Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)


• 
  Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
  
  • 
    Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
  
  
  • 
    Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
  
  


• 
  Ebony (Diospyros)
  
  • 
    Andaman marblewood (Diospyros kurzii)
  
  
  • 
    Ebène marbre (Diospyros melanida)
  
  
  • 
    African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)^[4]
  
  
  • 
    Ceylon ebony (Diospyros ebenum)
  
  


• 
  Elm
  
  • 
    American elm (Ulmus americana)
  
  
  • 
    English elm (Ulmus procera)
  
  
  • 
    Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
  
  
  • 
    Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
  
  
  • 
    Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
  
  


• 
  Eucalyptus
  
  • 
    Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
  
  
  • 
    White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
  
  
  • 
    Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)^[5]
  
  
  • 
    Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
  
  
  • 
    River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
  
  
  • 
    Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
  
  
  • 
    Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
  
  
  • 
    Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
  
  
  • 
    York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)^[5]
  
  
  • 
    Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
  
  
  • 
    Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
  
  
  • 
    Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
  
  
  • 
    Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
  
  
  • 
    Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
  
  
  • 
    Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
  
  
  • 
    Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
  
  
  • 
    Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
  
  
  • 
    Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
  
  
  • 
    Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
  
  
  • 
    Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
  
  
  • 
    Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)^[5]
  
  
  • 
    Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)^[5]
  
  


• 
  European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)


• 
  European pear (Pyrus communis)


• 
  Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)


• 
  Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)


• 
  Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)


• 
  Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)


• 
  Gum (Eucalyptus)


• 
  Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)


• 
  Hickory (Carya)
  
  • 
    Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
  
  
  • 
    Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
  
  
  • 
    Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
  
  
  • 
    Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
  
  


• 
  Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)


• 
  American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)


• 
  Iroko, African teak (Milicia excelsa)


• 
  Ironwood
  
  • 
    Balau (Shorea spp.)
  
  
  • 
    American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
  
  
  • 
    Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
  
  
  • 
    Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
  
  
  • 
    Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
  
  
  • 
    Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
  
  
  • 
    Lignum vitae
    
    • 
      Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
    
    
    • 
      Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
    
    
  
  
  • 
    Takian (Hopea odorata)
  
  
  • 
    Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
  
  
  • 
    Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
  
  
  • 
    Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
    
  
  
  • 
    Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
  
  
  • 
    Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
  
  
  • 
    Olive (Olea spp.)
  
  
  • 
    Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
  
  
  • 
    Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
  
  
  • 
    Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
  
  
  • 
    Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
  
  


• 
  Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)


• 
  Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)


• 
  Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)


• 
  Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)


• 
  Lacewood
  
  • 
    Northern silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)
  
  
  • 
    American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
  
  
  • 
    London plane (Platanus × acerifolia)
  
  


• 
  Limba (Terminalia superba)


• Locust
  
  • 
    Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
  
  
  • 
    Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
  
  


• 
  Mahogany
  
  • 
    Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)^[6]
    • 
      West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
    
    
    • 
      Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
    
    
    • 
      Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
    
    
  
  
  • other mahogany
    
    • 
      African mahogany (Khaya spp.)
    
    
    • 
      Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
    
    
    • 
      Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
    
    
    • 
      Philippine mahogany, Calantis, Kalantis (Toona calantas)
    
    
    • 
      Indonesian mahogany, Suren (Toona sureni)
    
    
    • 
      Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
    
    
    • 
      Sipo, Utile (Entandrophragma utile)
    
    
    • 
      Tiama, (Entandrophragma angolense)
    
    
    • 
      Kosipo, (Entandrophragma candollei)
    
    
    • 
      Mountain Mahogany, Bottle Tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
    
    
    • 
      Indian Mahogany, Chickrassy, Chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
    
    
    • 
      Spanish Cedar, Cedro, Brazilian Mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
    
    
    • 
      Light Bosse, Pink Mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
    
    
    • 
      Dark Bosse, Pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
    
    
    • 
      American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
    
    
    • 
      Carapa, Royal Mahogany, Demerara Mahogany, Bastard Mahogany, Andiroba, Crabwood, (Carapa guianensis)^[7]
    
    
    • 
      Bead-Tree, White Cedar, Persian Lilac, (Melia azedarach)
    
    
  
  


• 
  Maple (Acer)
  
  • Hard maple
    
    • 
      Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
    
    
    • 
      Black maple (Acer nigrum)
    
    
  
  
  • Soft maple
    
    • 
      Boxelder (Acer negundo)
    
    
    • 
      Red maple (Acer rubrum)
    
    
    • 
      Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
    
    
  
  
  • European maple
    
    • 
      Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
  
  


• 
  Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)


• 
  Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)


• 
  Meranti (Shorea spp.)


• 
  Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga)


• 
  Oak (Quercus)
  
  • 
    White oak
    
    • 
      White oak (Quercus alba)
    
    
    • 
      Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
    
    
    • 
      Post oak (Quercus stellata)
    
    
    • 
      Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
    
    
    • 
      Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
    
    
    • 
      Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
    
    
    • 
      Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
    
    
    • 
      Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
    
    
    • 
      Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
    
    
    • 
      Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
    
    
  
  
  • 
    English oak (Quercus robur)
  
  
  • 
    Red oak
    
    • 
      Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
    
    
    • 
      Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
    
    
    • 
      Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
    
    
    • 
      Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
    
    
    • 
      Water oak (Quercus nigra)
    
    
    • 
      Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
    
    
    • 
      Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
    
    
  
  


• 
  Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)


• 
  Olive (Olea europaea)


• 
  Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)


• 
  Poplar
  
  • 
    Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
  
  
  • 
    Black poplar (Populus nigra)
  
  
  • 
    Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
  
  
  • 
    Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
  
  


• 
  Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)


• 
  Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)


• 
  Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)


• 
  Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)


• 
  Redheart, chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)


• 
  Śāl (Shorea robusta)


• 
  Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)


• 
  Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
  
  • 
    Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)


• 
  Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
  
  • 
    Southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum)


• 
  Satiné, satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)^[8]


• 
  Silky oak (Grevillea robusta)


• 
  Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)


• 
  Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)


• 
  Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)


• 
  Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)


• 
  Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)


• 
  Teak (Tectona grandis)


• 
  Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)


• 
  Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)


• 
  Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)


• 
  Walnut (Juglans)
  
  • 
    Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)
  
  
  • 
    Common walnut (Juglans regia)
  
  


• 
  Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
  
  • 
    Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)


• 
  Willow (Salix)
  
  • 
    Black willow (Salix nigra)
  
  
  • 
    Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Caerulea')
  
  
  • 
    White willow (Salix alba)
  
  
  • 
    Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
  
  


• 
  Zingana, African zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)

Hardwoods (monocotyledons)[edit]

• Bamboo


• 
  Palm tree
  
  • 
    Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera)
  
  
  • Toddy palm timber (Borassus flabellifer)
  
  

See also[edit]

• Janka hardness test


• List of Indian timber trees

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• National Hardwood and Lumber Association


• American Hardwood Information Center


• American Hardwood Export Council


• Australian National Association of Forest Industries


• Canadian Wood Group


• FSC Lesser Known Tropical Wood Index


• Database of Wood Species


• NCSU Inside Wood project


• Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough


• 
  US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook PDF 916K


• International Wood Collectors Society


• 
  Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)


• African Timber Export Statistics